---
title: affiance — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «affiance» in the school dictionary: To promise a person in marriage, or to become engaged to marry them. Affiance is an old word for betroth. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# affiance

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**Who acts:** Affiance, Art · **What happens:** promise, become, engage, marry, be, affiance · **To what, where:** person, marriage, them, old word, prince, Delvcaem

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«affiance» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [affiance in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/affiance.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To promise a person in marriage, or to become engaged to marry them. Affiance is an old word for betroth.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* To promise a person in marriage, or to become engaged to marry them.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affiance:m1:1
# text = To promise a person in marriage, or to become engaged to marry them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	promise	promise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	marriage	marriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	become	become	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	engaged	engage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	xcomp	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	marry	marry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | to-infinitive |  |  | a person | marriage |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent person=Theme |
| 2 | **become** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **engage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute |
| 4 | **marry** | to-infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Affiance is an old word for betroth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affiance:m1:2
# text = Affiance is an old word for betroth.
1	Affiance	affiance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	betroth	betroth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Affiance | a old word |  |  |  | for betroth | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prince was affianced to the princess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affiance:x1:1
# text = The prince was affianced to the princess.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	affianced	affiance	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affiance** | past · passive |  | the prince |  |  |  | to the princess | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Art affianced Delvcaem to himself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affiance:x2:1
# text = Art affianced Delvcaem to himself.
1	Art	Art	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	affianced	affiance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Delvcaem	Delvcaem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affiance** | past | Art | Delvcaem | Art |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were affianced together at last.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affiance:x3:1
# text = They were affianced together at last.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	affianced	affiance	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affiance** | past · passive |  | They |  | last |  | together *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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