---
title: afflicted — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «afflicted» in the school dictionary: Suffering from an illness, pain or trouble: «afflicted with a cough». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# afflicted

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Suffering, Past form, floods, people, terrible drought, Nurses · **What happens:** suffer, afflict, cause, mean, care, heal · **To what, where:** illness, someone pain, village, people, town, He · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«afflicted» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [afflicted in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/afflicted.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Suffering from an illness, pain or trouble: «afflicted with a cough».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afflicted:m1:1
# text = Suffering from an illness, pain or trouble: «afflicted with a cough».
1	Suffering	suffer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	csubj:pass	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** | gerund |  |  |  | a illness and pain or trouble |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **afflict** *in a quote* | participle | Suffering |  |  |  |  | with a cough | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Past form of «afflict»: to cause someone pain or trouble: «The village was afflicted by floods.».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afflicted:m2:1
# text = Past form of «afflict»: to cause someone pain or trouble: «The village was afflicted by floods.».
1	Past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	afflict	afflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	compound	_	_
11	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	floods	flood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** *in a quote* | infinitive | Past form |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **cause** | to-infinitive | Past form *not said here* | someone pain or trouble |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient |
| 3 | **afflict** *in a quote* | past · passive | floods | the village |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«The afflicted» means people who suffer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afflicted:m3:1
# text = «The afflicted» means people who suffer.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	suffer	suffer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic |
| 3 | **suffer** | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town was afflicted by a terrible drought.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afflicted:x1:1
# text = The town was afflicted by a terrible drought.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	drought	drought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | past · passive | a terrible drought | the town |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was afflicted with a bad cough all winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afflicted:x2:1
# text = He was afflicted with a bad cough all winter.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | past · passive |  | He |  |  | winter | with a bad cough | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nurses cared for the afflicted during the plague.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afflicted:x3:1
# text = Nurses cared for the afflicted during the plague.
1	Nurses	nurse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cared	care	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **care** | past | Nurses |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **afflict** | participle | Nurses *not said here* |  |  |  | during the plague |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many crops were afflicted by disease that year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afflicted:x4:1
# text = Many crops were afflicted by disease that year.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | past · passive | disease | Many crops |  |  | year |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jesus healed many who were afflicted, Christians believe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afflicted:x5:1
# text = Jesus healed many who were afflicted, Christians believe.
1	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	healed	heal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heal** | past | Jesus | many |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent many=Patient |
| 2 | **afflict** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **believe** | present | Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old dog was afflicted with stiff legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afflicted:x6:1
# text = The old dog was afflicted with stiff legs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afflict** | past · passive |  | the old dog |  |  |  | with stiff legs | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“I have nothing to give,” said the afflicted mother, “but I will go to the world's end for you!”

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afflicted:x7:1
# text = “I have nothing to give,” said the afflicted mother, “but I will go to the world's end for you!”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | present | the afflicted mother *= mother* | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient |
| 2 | **give** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | the afflicted mother *= mother* *not said here* | nothing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the afflicted mother |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **afflict** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **go** *in a quote* | future | the afflicted mother *= mother* |  |  |  | to the world's end | for you | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to end=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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