---
title: affront — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «affront» in the school dictionary: Verb: to insult someone openly, or to face something bravely and boldly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# affront

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Verb, you, vizir, they, rude words, His · **What happens:** insult, face, do, hide, receive, affront · **To what, where:** someone, something, affront, whole court

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«affront» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [affront in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/affront.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Verb: to insult someone openly, or to face something bravely and boldly.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affront:m1:1
# text = Verb: to insult someone openly, or to face something bravely and boldly.
1	Verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	insult	insult	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	openly	openly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	face	face	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	bravely	bravely	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	boldly	boldly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **insult** | to-infinitive | Verb | someone |  |  |  | openly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **face** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | bravely *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Noun: an open insult or rude act toward someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affront:m2:1
# text = Noun: an open insult or rude act toward someone.
1	Noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	insult	insult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do not affront these dangers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affront:x1:1
# text = Do not affront these dangers.
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	affront	affront	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	dangers	danger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* | affront |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vizir hid the affront they had received.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affront:x2:1
# text = The vizir hid the affront they had received.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vizir	vizir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	affront	affront	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	received	receive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | the vizir | the affront |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent affront=Patient |
| 2 | **receive** | past · perfect | they | the affront *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent affront=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His rude words affronted the whole court.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:affront:x3:1
# text = His rude words affronted the whole court.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	affronted	affront	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affront** | past | His rude words | the whole court |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus court=Experiencer |
| 2 | **word** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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