---
title: afresh — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «afresh» in the school dictionary: Again from the beginning, in a new way. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# afresh

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, my, friends, family, you, snow · **What happens:** make, start, mess, draw, decide, begin · **To what, where:** mess, drawing, Australia, life, answer, 's

<!-- .vabout -->
«afresh» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [afresh in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/afresh.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Again from the beginning, in a new way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afresh:m1:1
# text = Again from the beginning, in a new way.
1	Again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Once more, newly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afresh:m2:1
# text = Once more, newly.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	0	root	_	_
2	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I made a mess of my drawing, so I started afresh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afresh:x1:1
# text = I made a mess of my drawing, so I started afresh.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	afresh	afresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | I | a mess of my drawing |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mess=Product |
| 2 | **start** | past | I |  |  |  |  | afresh *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **mess** |  |  | my drawing |  |  |  |  | nom mess «state transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **draw** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom drawing «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the argument, the friends decided to begin afresh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afresh:x2:1
# text = After the argument, the friends decided to begin afresh.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	decided	decide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	begin	begin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	afresh	afresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decide** | past | the friends |  |  |  | after the argument |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **begin** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the friends *not said here* |  |  |  |  | afresh *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The family moved to Australia to start life afresh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afresh:x3:1
# text = The family moved to Australia to start life afresh.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	afresh	afresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | the family |  | Australia |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to australia=Result |
| 2 | **start** | to-infinitive | the family *not said here* | life |  |  |  | afresh *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look at the problem afresh tomorrow and you might see the answer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afresh:x4:1
# text = Look at the problem afresh tomorrow and you might see the answer.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	afresh	afresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tomorrow	tomorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:unmarked	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the problem  afresh tomorrow | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at problem=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | might | you | the answer |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer answer=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The snow had fallen afresh in the night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afresh:x5:1
# text = The snow had fallen afresh in the night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	afresh	afresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past · perfect | the snow |  |  |  | night | afresh *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let's read the question afresh and check each step.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afresh:x6:1
# text = Let's read the question afresh and check each step.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	afresh	afresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | 's |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | infinitive | 's *not said here* | the question |  |  |  | afresh *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent question=Topic |
| 3 | **check** | infinitive | you *not said here* | each step |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new term is a chance to start afresh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afresh:x7:1
# text = The new term is a chance to start afresh.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	afresh	afresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the new term | a chance |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **start** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | afresh *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the woman began to weep afresh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:afresh:x8:1
# text = And the woman began to weep afresh.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	weep	weep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	afresh	afresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the woman |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **weep** | to-infinitive | the woman *not said here* |  |  |  |  | afresh *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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