---
title: after — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «after» in the school dictionary: After means later than something else: «Lunch comes after breakfast». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# after

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lunch, dog, someone, their, I, eating · **What happens:** mean, come, follow, close, run, name · **To what, where:** door, afternoon, Australia, you, everything, 8 cookies · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«after» in the school dictionary: its 9 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [after in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/after.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After means later than something else: «Lunch comes after breakfast».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:m1:1
# text = After means later than something else: «Lunch comes after breakfast».
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
6	else	else	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	after	after	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** *in a quote* | present | Lunch |  |  |  | after breakfast |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After means behind or following: «Close the door after you», «The dog ran after the ball».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:m2:1
# text = After means behind or following: «Close the door after you», «The dog ran after the ball».
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Close	close	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	after	after	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
19	after	after	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | behind *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **close** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the door |  |  | after you |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Patient |
| 4 | **run** *in a quote* | past | the dog |  |  |  | after the ball |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be named after someone is to get their name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:m3:1
# text = To be named after someone is to get their name.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP» |
| 2 | **is** | present | someone |  |  |  |  | get *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **name** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To look after is to take care of.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:m4:1
# text = To look after is to take care of.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | take *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be after something is to want or look for it: «What are you after?».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:m5:1
# text = To be after something is to want or look for it: «What are you after?».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	want	want	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	obj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	after	after	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | after something | want *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for it | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for it=Theme |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«After» in Irish English: «I'm after eating» means I have just eaten; «arvo» is afternoon in Australia; «laters» means see you later.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:m6:1
# text = «After» in Irish English: «I'm after eating» means I have just eaten; «arvo» is afternoon in Australia; «laters» means see you later.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	After	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	just	just	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	arvo	arvo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	parataxis	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	laters	later	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
31	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	parataxis	_	_
32	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	ccomp	_	_
33	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	32	obj	_	_
34	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	32	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** *in a quote* | present · progressive | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present | eating |  |  |  | after Irish English |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **eat** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is a** | present | arvo | afternoon |  | Australia |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **mean** | present | laters |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **see** | infinitive |  | you |  |  |  | late *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Who are you after?» or «they're after you» can mean someone wants to hurt or catch you.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:m7:1
# text = «Who are you after?» or «they're after you» can mean someone wants to hurt or catch you.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	after	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
15	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
17	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	nsubj	_	_
18	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
23	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **want** | present | someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **hurt** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **catch** | infinitive | someone *not said here* | you |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Meaning 8 {#m8}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exams say «subsequently», «following», «subsequent to», «thereafter», «upon completion of» and «posterior to».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:m8:1
# text = Exams say «subsequently», «following», «subsequent to», «thereafter», «upon completion of» and «posterior to».
1	Exams	exam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	thereafter	thereafter	ADV	RB	_	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	completion	completion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	posterior	posterior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Exams |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **follow** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 9 {#m9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"After all" means when everything is thought about, or despite what you expected.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:m9:1
# text = "After all" means when everything is thought about, or despite what you expected.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	thought	think	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	_
10	about	about	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	despite	despite	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	parataxis	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	expected	expect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | all |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **think about** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | everything |  |  |  | about *property* | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **expect** | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After lunch, Mia had 8 cookies left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x1:1
# text = After lunch, Mia had 8 cookies left.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Mia | 8 cookies |  |  | after lunch |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cookie=Patient |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | 8 cookies *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After giving 5 to Joe, he has 12 marbles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x2:1
# text = After giving 5 to Joe, he has 12 marbles.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Joe	Joe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | gerund | Joe *not said here* | 5 | Joe |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 5=Theme to joe=Recipient |
| 2 | **have** | present | Joe | 12 marbles |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marble=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many pages are left after she reads 20?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x3:1
# text = How many pages are left after she reads 20?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	reads	read	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present · passive |  | many pages |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **read** | present | she | 20 |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 20=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What number comes after 19?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x4:1
# text = What number comes after 19?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	obj	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	19	19	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | number |  |  |  | after 19 |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location what=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I go to football after school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x5:1
# text = I go to football after school.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | I |  |  | football | after school |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to football=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please look after your little sister.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x6:1
# text = Please look after your little sister.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | after your little sister |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was named after his grandfather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x7:1
# text = He was named after his grandfather.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | past · passive |  | He |  |  | after his grandfather |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm after eating 4 of them, sorry (Ireland: I have just eaten).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x8:1
# text = I'm after eating 4 of them, sorry (Ireland: I have just eaten).
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	sorry	sorry	INTJ	UH	_	4	parataxis	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	just	just	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present · progressive | I | 4 of them |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4=Patient |
| 2 | **eat** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Footy this arvo, after school, 5 of us.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x9:1
# text = Footy this arvo, after school, 5 of us.
1	Footy	footy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	arvo	arvo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum's gonna be after you when she sees you broke 2 plates.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x10:1
# text = Mum's gonna be after you when she sees you broke 2 plates.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	gonna	gonna	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	6	nsubj	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	iobj	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
12	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive | gonna |  |  |  | after you |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | present | she |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **break** | past | you | 2 plates |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer plate=Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Subsequent to the transfer of 5 marbles, the pupil holds 12. Ascertain the initial holding.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Subsequent to the transfer of 5 marbles, the pupil holds 12.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x11:1
# text = Subsequent to the transfer of 5 marbles, the pupil holds 12.
1	Subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	transfer	transfer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	marbles	marble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | the pupil | 12 |  |  |  | subsequent the transfer of 5 marbles | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 12=Theme |
| 2 | **transfer** |  |  | 5 marbles |  |  |  |  | nom transfer «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the initial holding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x11:2
# text = Ascertain the initial holding.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	initial	initial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hold** | gerund | you *not said here* | the initial |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What are you after? The red one?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* What are you after?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x12:1
# text = What are you after?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	1	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The red one?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x12:2
# text = The red one?
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How kind man is, after all!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:after:x13:1
# text = How kind man is, after all!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | man |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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