---
title: aggression — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «aggression» in the school dictionary: Aggression is angry or violent behaviour or feelings that make a person or animal want to attack or hurt others. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# aggression

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Aggression, feelings, person, country, dog, someone · **What happens:** be, make, want, attack, hurt, mean · **To what, where:** others, country, another, aggression, food, kinds · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«aggression» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [aggression in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/aggression.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aggression is angry or violent behaviour or feelings that make a person or animal want to attack or hurt others.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aggression:m1:1
# text = Aggression is angry or violent behaviour or feelings that make a person or animal want to attack or hurt others.
1	Aggression	aggression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	violent	violent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	attack	attack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
20	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Aggression |  |  |  |  | angry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | feelings |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **want** | present | a person or animal |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **attack** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a person or animal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **hurt** | infinitive | a person or animal *not said here* | others |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer other=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aggression is a country or army attacking another without being attacked first.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aggression:m2:1
# text = Aggression is a country or army attacking another without being attacked first.
1	Aggression	aggression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	attacking	attack	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
8	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	attacked	attack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	_
12	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Aggression | a country or army |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **attack** | gerund | a country or army *not said here* | another |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent another=Patient |
| 3 | **attack** | gerund · passive | a country or army *not said here* |  |  |  |  | first *property* | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V» |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aggression can mean playing with great force and energy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aggression:m3:1
# text = Aggression can mean playing with great force and energy.
1	Aggression	aggression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Aggression |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **play** *not said to happen* | gerund | Aggression *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with great force and energy | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with force=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog showed aggression when someone touched its food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aggression:x1:1
# text = The dog showed aggression when someone touched its food.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	aggression	aggression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
7	touched	touch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the dog | aggression |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent aggression=Recipient |
| 2 | **touch** | past | someone | dog's food |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme food=Co-Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shouting and pushing are kinds of aggression.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aggression:x2:1
# text = Shouting and pushing are kinds of aggression.
1	Shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	pushing	push	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	aggression	aggression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **push** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Shouting | kinds |  |  |  | of aggression | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Try deep breaths when you feel aggression building up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aggression:x3:1
# text = Try deep breaths when you feel aggression building up.
1	Try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	breaths	breath	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	aggression	aggression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	building	build	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | imperative | you *not said here* | deep breaths |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Eventuality |
| 2 | **feel** | present | you | aggression |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aggression=Theme |
| 3 | **build up** | gerund | aggression *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The invasion was an act of aggression.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aggression:x4:1
# text = The invasion was an act of aggression.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	invasion	invasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	aggression	aggression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the invasion | a act |  |  |  | of aggression | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The players were told to control their aggression on the pitch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aggression:x5:1
# text = The players were told to control their aggression on the pitch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	control	control	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	aggression	aggression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | the players |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **control** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the players *not said here* | players's aggression |  | the pitch |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aggression=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Teasing can lead to aggression if nobody stops it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aggression:x6:1
# text = Teasing can lead to aggression if nobody stops it.
1	Teasing	teasing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	aggression	aggression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | can | Teasing |  |  |  |  | to aggression | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to aggression=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | nobody | Teasing |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector it=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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