---
title: agriculture — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «agriculture» in the school dictionary: Agriculture is farming: growing crops and keeping animals for food, wool and other products. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# agriculture

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Agriculture farming, Agriculture, people, We, Machines, She · **What happens:** be, grow, keep, begin, start, use · **To what, where:** Agriculture farming, crops, animals, science, Most, agricultural show

<!-- .vabout -->
«agriculture» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [agriculture in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/agriculture.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Agriculture is farming: growing crops and keeping animals for food, wool and other products.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:agriculture:m1:1
# text = Agriculture is farming: growing crops and keeping animals for food, wool and other products.
1	Agriculture	agriculture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	wool	wool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	products	product	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Agriculture farming |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund | Agriculture farming *not said here* | crops |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location crop=Theme |
| 3 | **keep** | gerund | Agriculture farming *not said here* | animals |  |  |  | for food and wool and other products | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Agriculture is also the science and business of farming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:agriculture:m2:1
# text = Agriculture is also the science and business of farming.
1	Agriculture	agriculture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Agriculture | the science and business of farming |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Agriculture began when people started to grow crops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:agriculture:x1:1
# text = Agriculture began when people started to grow crops.
1	Agriculture	agriculture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Agriculture |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **start** | past | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **grow** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | crops |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location crop=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most of the land in this county is used for agriculture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:agriculture:x2:1
# text = Most of the land in this county is used for agriculture.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	county	county	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Most of the land in this county |  |  |  | for agriculture | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for agriculture=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many people in Kenya work in agriculture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:agriculture:x3:1
# text = Many people in Kenya work in agriculture.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	Kenya	Kenya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went to the agricultural show and saw prize cows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:agriculture:x4:1
# text = We went to the agricultural show and saw prize cows.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  | the agricultural show |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to show=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **see** | past | We *not said here* | prize cows |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cow=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Machines changed agriculture a lot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:agriculture:x5:1
# text = Machines changed agriculture a lot.
1	Machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | Machines | agriculture |  |  |  | a lot *obl:unmarked* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent agriculture=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Agriculture needs a lot of fresh water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:agriculture:x6:1
# text = Agriculture needs a lot of fresh water.
1	Agriculture	agriculture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Agriculture | a lot of fresh water |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot lot=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She presided over all inventions connected with agriculture, invented the plough, and taught mankind how to use oxen for farming purposes.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:agriculture:x7:1
# text = She presided over all inventions connected with agriculture, invented the plough, and taught mankind how to use oxen for farming purposes.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	presided	preside	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	inventions	invention	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	connected	connect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	plough	plough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	mankind	mankind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
20	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	purposes	purpose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preside** | past | She |  |  | all inventions |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **connect** | participle |  | all inventions *not said here* |  |  |  | with agriculture | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with agriculture=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **invent** | past | She *not said here* | the plough |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plough=Result |
| 4 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | She *not said here* | mankind |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent mankind=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **use** | to-infinitive | mankind *not said here* | oxen |  |  |  | for farming purposes | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent ox=Theme for purpose=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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