---
title: ai — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ai» in the school dictionary: AI stands for artificial intelligence: computer programs that can do things that seem to need thinking, like understanding speech, recognising pictures, answering questions or playing games. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ai

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** AI, computer programs, things, phone, I, teacher · **What happens:** stand, do, seem, need, think, understand · **To what, where:** things, speech, pictures, questions, games, one such program · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ai» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ai in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ai.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
AI stands for artificial intelligence: computer programs that can do things that seem to need thinking, like understanding speech, recognising pictures, answering questions or playing games.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ai:m1:1
# text = AI stands for artificial intelligence: computer programs that can do things that seem to need thinking, like understanding speech, recognising pictures, answering questions or playing games.
1	AI	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	programs	program	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	seem	seem	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	understanding	understand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	conj	_	_
21	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	recognising	recognise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	conj	_	_
24	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	answering	answer	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	conj	_	_
27	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	conj	_	_
30	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | AI |  |  |  |  | for artificial intelligence | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for intelligence=Attribute |
| 2 | **do** | can | computer programs | things |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |
| 3 | **seem** | present | things |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 4 | **need** | to-infinitive | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 5 | **think** *speech: other* *not said to happen* | gerund | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **understand** | gerund | things *not said here* | speech |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer speech=Stimulus |
| 7 | **recognise** | gerund | things *not said here* | pictures |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer picture=Stimulus |
| 8 | **answer** *speech: assert* | gerund | things *not said here* | questions |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality |
| 9 | **play** | gerund | things *not said here* | games |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An AI is one such program or system.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ai:m2:1
# text = An AI is one such program or system.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	AI	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a AI | one such program or system |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In crossword puzzles, «ai» is a three-toed sloth, an animal from South American rainforests.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ai:m3:1
# text = In crossword puzzles, «ai» is a three-toed sloth, an animal from South American rainforests.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	crossword	crossword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	puzzles	puzzle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ai	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	toed	toed	ADJ	JJ	_	13	amod	_	_
13	sloth	sloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
19	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	rainforests	rainforest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | ai | a toed sloth |  | crossword puzzles |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ai can also be a cry of fright, pain or surprise, as in a sudden shout.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ai:m4:1
# text = Ai can also be a cry of fright, pain or surprise, as in a sudden shout.
1	Ai	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	fright	fright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	shout	shout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Ai | a cry and a sudden shout |  |  |  | of fright | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
AI helps the phone understand what I say.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ai:x1:1
# text = AI helps the phone understand what I say.
1	AI	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	obj	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | AI | the phone |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent phone=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **understand** | infinitive | the phone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher showed us how AI can recognise cats in photos.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ai:x2:1
# text = Our teacher showed us how AI can recognise cats in photos.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	AI	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	recognise	recognise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
9	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Our teacher |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **recognise** | can | AI | cats |  | photos |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cat=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An AI can make mistakes, so always check its answers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ai:x3:1
# text = An AI can make mistakes, so always check its answers.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	AI	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	_
9	check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	answers	answer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | a AI | mistakes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mistake=Product |
| 2 | **check** | infinitive |  | AI's answers |  |  |  | always *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme |
| 3 | **answer** |  | AI |  |  |  |  |  | nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That picture was made by AI, not a camera.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ai:x4:1
# text = That picture was made by AI, not a camera.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	AI	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive | AI | that picture |  |  |  | a camera *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't tell an AI chatbot your address or password.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ai:x5:1
# text = Don't tell an AI chatbot your address or password.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	AI	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	chatbot	chatbot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	address	address	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	password	password	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | a AI chatbot |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent chatbot=Recipient |
| 2 | **address** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom address «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, a friendly AI helps the crew fly the spaceship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ai:x6:1
# text = In the story, a friendly AI helps the crew fly the spaceship.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	AI	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	crew	crew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	spaceship	spaceship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a friendly AI | the crew |  | the story |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent crew=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **fly** | infinitive | the crew *not said here* | the spaceship |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location spaceship=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ai is a sloth that lives in the rainforest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ai:x7:1
# text = The ai is a sloth that lives in the rainforest.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ai	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sloth	sloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the ai | a sloth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | a sloth |  |  | the rainforest |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in rainforest=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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