---
title: aircraft — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «aircraft» in the school dictionary: Any machine that flies in the air, such as an aeroplane, helicopter, glider or airship. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# aircraft

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** machine, aeroplanes, helicopter, aircraft, Three aircraft, 3 flights · **What happens:** fly, take off, land on, be, land, carry · **To what, where:** air, huge ship, kind, fog, school, 180 passengers

<!-- .vabout -->
«aircraft» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [aircraft in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/aircraft.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any machine that flies in the air, such as an aeroplane, helicopter, glider or airship.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aircraft:m1:1
# text = Any machine that flies in the air, such as an aeroplane, helicopter, glider or airship.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	flies	fly	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	aeroplane	aeroplane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	helicopter	helicopter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	glider	glider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	airship	airship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | any machine |  |  | the air and a aeroplane and helicopter and glider or airship |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: in phrases — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
aircraft carrier: a huge ship that aeroplanes can take off from and land on.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aircraft:m2:1
# text = aircraft carrier: a huge ship that aeroplanes can take off from and land on.
1	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	carrier	carrier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	aeroplanes	aeroplane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
11	off	off	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	land	land	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take off** | can | aeroplanes | a huge ship *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Theme |
| 2 | **land on** | infinitive | aeroplanes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A helicopter is a kind of aircraft.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aircraft:x1:1
# text = A helicopter is a kind of aircraft.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	helicopter	helicopter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a helicopter | a kind |  |  |  | of aircraft | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The aircraft landed safely in the fog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aircraft:x2:1
# text = The aircraft landed safely in the fog.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	landed	land	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fog	fog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **land** | past | the aircraft |  |  | the fog |  | safely *property* | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in fog=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Three aircraft flew over the school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aircraft:x3:1
# text = Three aircraft flew over the school.
1	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | Three aircraft |  |  | the school |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over school=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The aircraft carries 180 passengers, so 3 flights carry 540.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aircraft:x4:1
# text = The aircraft carries 180 passengers, so 3 flights carry 540.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	180	180	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	passengers	passenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	flights	flight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	540	540	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | the aircraft | 180 passengers |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passenger=Theme |
| 2 | **carry** | present | 3 flights | 540 |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 540=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fasten your seat belt while the aircraft is moving.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aircraft:x5:1
# text = Fasten your seat belt while the aircraft is moving.
1	Fasten	fasten	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | imperative | you *not said here* | your seat belt |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent belt=Patient |
| 2 | **move** | present · progressive | the aircraft |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An aircraft carrier is like a floating airport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aircraft:x6:1
# text = An aircraft carrier is like a floating airport.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	carrier	carrier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	floating	float	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | a aircraft carrier |  |  |  |  | like a floating airport | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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