---
title: airless — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «airless» in the school dictionary: With no fresh air moving; stuffy and hard to breathe in: «an airless room». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# airless

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** classroom, we, Moon, astronauts, It, cellar · **What happens:** move, breathe in, be, open, carry, not travel · **To what, where:** airless room, windows, oxygen, airless summer night, airless space, prince

<!-- .vabout -->
«airless» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [airless in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/airless.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With no fresh air moving; stuffy and hard to breathe in: «an airless room».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:airless:m1:1
# text = With no fresh air moving; stuffy and hard to breathe in: «an airless room».
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
3	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
5	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	stuffy	stuffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	airless	airless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | gerund |  | a airless room |  |  |  | with no fresh air | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **breathe in** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With no air at all: «the airless surface of the Moon».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:airless:m2:1
# text = With no air at all: «the airless surface of the Moon».
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	airless	airless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of weather — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very still, with no wind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:airless:m3:1
# text = Very still, with no wind.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The classroom was hot and airless, so we opened the windows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:airless:x1:1
# text = The classroom was hot and airless, so we opened the windows.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	classroom	classroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	airless	airless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the classroom |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the classroom *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **open** | past | we | the windows |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Moon is airless, so astronauts carry oxygen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:airless:x2:1
# text = The Moon is airless, so astronauts carry oxygen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	airless	airless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	astronauts	astronaut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Moon |  |  |  |  | airless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | present | astronauts | oxygen |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was an airless summer night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:airless:x3:1
# text = It was an airless summer night.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	airless	airless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a airless summer night |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cellar was dark and airless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:airless:x4:1
# text = The cellar was dark and airless.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cellar	cellar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	airless	airless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the cellar |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the cellar *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sound cannot travel in airless space.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:airless:x5:1
# text = Sound cannot travel in airless space.
1	Sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	travel	travel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	airless	airless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **travel** | can | Sound |  |  | airless space |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in space=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We felt sleepy in the airless bus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:airless:x6:1
# text = We felt sleepy in the airless bus.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sleepy	sleepy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	airless	airless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | We |  |  |  |  | in the airless bus; sleepy *property* | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Theme in bus=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now, that night happened to be very hot and airless, and the prince, after vainly trying to rest, at length got up and went to the window.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:airless:x7:1
# text = Now, that night happened to be very hot and airless, and the prince, after vainly trying to rest, at length got up and went to the window.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	airless	airless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	vainly	vainly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	trying	try	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	rest	rest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
26	up	up	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | past | that night | the prince |  |  | now |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | that night *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | that night *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **try** | gerund | that night *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vainly *property* | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **rest** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | that night *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **get up** | past | length |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **go** | past | length *not said here* |  |  | the window |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to window=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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