---
title: alder — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «alder» in the school dictionary: An alder is a tree of the birch family that grows by rivers and in wet ground, with roundish leaves and small cones and catkins. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# alder

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**Who acts:** alder, birch family, Alders, Siskins, Rat, Alder wood · **What happens:** be, grow, have, feed, tie, last · **To what, where:** tree, river bank, small brown cones, boat, water, alder

<!-- .vabout -->
«alder» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [alder in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/alder.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An alder is a tree of the birch family that grows by rivers and in wet ground, with roundish leaves and small cones and catkins.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alder:m1:1
# text = An alder is a tree of the birch family that grows by rivers and in wet ground, with roundish leaves and small cones and catkins.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	alder	alder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	birch	birch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	roundish	roundish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	cones	cone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	catkins	catkin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a alder | a tree |  |  |  | of the birch family | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | the birch family |  |  |  |  | by rivers and wet ground and roundish leaves and small cones and catkins | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by river=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alders grow along the river bank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alder:x1:1
# text = Alders grow along the river bank.
1	Alders	alder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	along	along	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Alders |  |  | the river bank |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bank=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The alder has small brown cones like tiny pine cones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alder:x2:1
# text = The alder has small brown cones like tiny pine cones.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	alder	alder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cones	cone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	cones	cone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the alder | small brown cones |  |  |  | like tiny pine cones | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cone=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Siskins feed on alder seeds in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alder:x3:1
# text = Siskins feed on alder seeds in winter.
1	Siskins	siskin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	feed	feed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	alder	alder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feed** | present | Siskins |  |  |  | winter | on alder seeds | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on seed=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Rat tied his boat to an old alder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alder:x4:1
# text = The Rat tied his boat to an old alder.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tied	tie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	alder	alder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | past | the Rat | Rat's boat |  |  |  | to a old alder | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent boat=Patient to alder=Co-Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alder wood lasts well in water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alder:x5:1
# text = Alder wood lasts well in water.
1	Alder	alder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | present | Alder wood |  |  | water |  | well *property* | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Catkins hang from the alder in early spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alder:x6:1
# text = Catkins hang from the alder in early spring.
1	Catkins	catkin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hang	hang	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	alder	alder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | present | Catkins |  |  | the alder | spring |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Between the crevices there grew a little rowan tree and four alder bushes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alder:x7:1
# text = Between the crevices there grew a little rowan tree and four alder bushes.
1	Between	between	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	crevices	crevice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
5	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	rowan	rowan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
12	alder	alder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past |  | a little rowan tree and four alder bushes |  | there |  | between the crevices | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tree=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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