---
title: aloud — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «aloud» in the school dictionary: Aloud means in a voice that other people can hear, not silently: read aloud. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# aloud

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Aloud, other people, thoughts, you, your, Mum · **What happens:** mean, hear, read, think, say, count · **To what, where:** voice, thoughts, poem, class, us, puzzle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«aloud» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [aloud in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/aloud.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aloud means in a voice that other people can hear, not silently: read aloud.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aloud:m1:1
# text = Aloud means in a voice that other people can hear, not silently: read aloud.
1	Aloud	aloud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	silently	silently	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
16	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Aloud |  |  |  |  | in a voice | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in voice=Attribute |
| 2 | **hear** | can | other people | a voice |  |  |  | silently *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
| 3 | **read** | infinitive | other people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Think aloud» means say your thoughts as you think them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aloud:m2:1
# text = «Think aloud» means say your thoughts as you think them.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	thoughts	thought	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | your thoughts |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | present | you | thoughts *= thought* |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot they=Theme |
| 5 | **think** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom thought «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please read the poem aloud to the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aloud:x1:1
# text = Please read the poem aloud to the class.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | the poem | the class |  |  | aloud *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent poem=Topic to class=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum reads aloud to us every night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aloud:x2:1
# text = Mum reads aloud to us every night.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reads	read	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present | Mum |  | us |  | night | aloud *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to we=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I counted aloud to ten.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aloud:x3:1
# text = I counted aloud to ten.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	counted	count	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | past | I |  |  |  |  | to ten; aloud *property* | vn matter-91 «NP V PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to ten=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She thought aloud while solving the puzzle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aloud:x4:1
# text = She thought aloud while solving the puzzle.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	solving	solve	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past | She |  |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **solve** | gerund | She *not said here* | the puzzle |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't say the answer aloud — write it down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aloud:x5:1
# text = Don't say the answer aloud — write it down.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the answer |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent answer=Topic |
| 2 | **write down** | infinitive | you *not said here* | answer |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He laughed aloud at the joke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aloud:x6:1
# text = He laughed aloud at the joke.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | past | He |  |  | the joke |  | aloud *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was praying the Lord's prayer aloud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aloud:x7:1
# text = She was praying the Lord's prayer aloud.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	praying	pray	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | past · progressive | She | the Lord's prayer |  |  |  | aloud *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pray** |  | the Lord |  |  |  |  |  | nom prayer «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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