---
title: alpine — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «alpine» in the school dictionary: To do with high mountains, especially the Alps in Europe. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# alpine

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Alpine, small plant, Alpine skiing, We, Alpine meadows, Ibex · **What happens:** do, belong, grow, race down, oppose, stay · **To what, where:** mountains, slopes, alpine village, alpine animals, little alpines, rock garden

<!-- .vabout -->
«alpine» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [alpine in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/alpine.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with high mountains, especially the Alps in Europe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alpine:m1:1
# text = To do with high mountains, especially the Alps in Europe.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Alps	Alp	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with high mountains  the Alps in Europe | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alpine: belonging to the Alps themselves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alpine:m2:1
# text = Alpine: belonging to the Alps themselves.
1	Alpine	alpine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Alps	Alp	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | gerund | Alpine *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the Alps  Alps | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
noun A small plant that grows high on mountains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alpine:m3:1
# text = noun A small plant that grows high on mountains.
1	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | a small plant |  |  | mountains |  | high *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on mountain=Location |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alpine skiing: racing down slopes, as opposed to cross-country skiing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alpine:m4:1
# text = Alpine skiing: racing down slopes, as opposed to cross-country skiing.
1	Alpine	alpine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	skiing	skiing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	racing	race	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	slopes	slope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	opposed	oppose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	cross-country	cross-country	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	skiing	skiing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **race down** | gerund | Alpine skiing *not said here* | slopes |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slope=Agent |
| 2 | **oppose** | participle | Alpine skiing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to cross-country skiing | vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We stayed in an alpine village in Switzerland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alpine:x1:1
# text = We stayed in an alpine village in Switzerland.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	alpine	alpine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Switzerland	Switzerland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | We |  |  | a alpine village in Switzerland |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in village=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alpine meadows are full of flowers in summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alpine:x2:1
# text = Alpine meadows are full of flowers in summer.
1	Alpine	alpine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	meadows	meadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Alpine meadows |  |  |  | summer | of flowers; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ibex and marmots are alpine animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alpine:x3:1
# text = Ibex and marmots are alpine animals.
1	Ibex	ibex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	marmots	marmot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	alpine	alpine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ibex and marmots | alpine animals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma grows little alpines in her rock garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alpine:x4:1
# text = Grandma grows little alpines in her rock garden.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	alpines	alpine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Grandma | little alpines |  | Grandma's rock garden |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location alpine=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alpine skiers race down steep slopes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alpine:x5:1
# text = Alpine skiers race down steep slopes.
1	Alpine	alpine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	skiers	skier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	race	race	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	steep	steep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	slopes	slope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **race down** | present | Alpine skiers | steep slopes |  |  |  | down *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slope=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The air is thin and cold in the alpine zone above the trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alpine:x6:1
# text = The air is thin and cold in the alpine zone above the trees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	alpine	alpine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	zone	zone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	above	above	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the air |  |  | the alpine zone above the trees |  | thin *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the air *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sound of these bells is often heard amidst Alpine scenery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:alpine:x7:1
# text = The sound of these bells is often heard amidst Alpine scenery.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	bells	bell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	amidst	amidst	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Alpine	alpine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	scenery	scenery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present · passive |  | the sound of this bells |  |  |  | amidst Alpine scenery; often *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |

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