---
title: also — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «also» in the school dictionary: Also means too, or as well, adding one more thing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# also

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Tom, She, shop, He, I, you · **What happens:** mean, add, start, bring, have, buy · **To what, where:** one more thing, new point, coat, 5 apples, 3 pears, 2 notebooks

<!-- .vabout -->
«also» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [also in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/also.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Also means too, or as well, adding one more thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:m1:1
# text = Also means too, or as well, adding one more thing.
1	Also	also	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	2	advmod	_	_
7	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | one more thing |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Also can start a new point: «Also, bring a coat».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:m2:1
# text = Also can start a new point: «Also, bring a coat».
1	Also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	start	start	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Also	also	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	appos	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | can |  | a new point |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent point=Eventuality |
| 2 | **bring** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | a coat |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent coat=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom has 5 apples. He also has 3 pears.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Tom has 5 apples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:x1:1
# text = Tom has 5 apples.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Tom | 5 apples |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* He also has 3 pears.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:x1:2
# text = He also has 3 pears.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pears	pear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Tom | 3 pears |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pear=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She also bought 2 notebooks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:x2:1
# text = She also bought 2 notebooks.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	notebooks	notebook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | She | 2 notebooks |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent notebook=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop also sells 40 cakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:x3:1
# text = The shop also sells 40 cakes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | present | the shop | 40 cakes |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He also ran 3 miles on Sunday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:x4:1
# text = He also ran 3 miles on Sunday.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | He | 3 miles |  |  | sunday |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mile=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I like dogs, and I also like cats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:x5:1
# text = I like dogs, and I also like cats.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	like	like	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | I | dogs |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot dog=Theme |
| 2 | **like** | present | I | cats |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot cat=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She sings and also plays the guitar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:x6:1
# text = She sings and also plays the guitar.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sings	sing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	guitar	guitar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **play** | present | She *not said here* | the guitar |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent guitar=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Also, remember your lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:x7:1
# text = Also, remember your lunch.
1	Also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	remember	remember	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | imperative | you *not said here* | your lunch |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent lunch=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frogs live on land and also in water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:x8:1
# text = Frogs live on land and also in water.
1	Frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Frogs |  |  | land and water |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on land=Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is not only fast but also strong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:x9:1
# text = He is not only fast but also strong.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher also coaches football.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:x10:1
# text = Our teacher also coaches football.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	coaches	coach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **coach** | present | Our teacher | football |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent football=Beneficiary |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
These have also been left unchanged.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:also:x11:1
# text = These have also been left unchanged.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	unchanged	unchanged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present · perfect · passive |  | These |  |  |  | unchanged *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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