---
title: amharic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «amharic» in the school dictionary: The main working language of Ethiopia, written in its own script called Ge'ez (Fidel). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# amharic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** language, millions, Amharic, mum, Selam, Amharic letters · **What happens:** work, write, call, script, speak, use · **To what, where:** main working language, own script, Amharic, Ethiopia, own beautiful script, home · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«amharic» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [amharic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/amharic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The main working language of Ethiopia, written in its own script called Ge'ez (Fidel).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amharic:m1:1
# text = The main working language of Ethiopia, written in its own script called Ge'ez (Fidel).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ethiopia	Ethiopia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	Ge'ez	Ge'ez	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	xcomp	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Fidel	Fidel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  | the main working language of Ethiopia *not said here* |  | language's own script |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in script=Destination |
| 3 | **call** | participle |  | language's own script *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **script** |  | language |  |  |  |  |  | nom script «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
adjective.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amharic:m2:1
# text = adjective.
1	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
About that language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amharic:m2e:1
# text = About that language.
1	About	about	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Amharic is spoken by millions in Ethiopia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amharic:x1:1
# text = Amharic is spoken by millions in Ethiopia.
1	Amharic	amharic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Ethiopia	Ethiopia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive | millions | Amharic |  | Ethiopia |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Amharic uses its own beautiful script.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amharic:x2:1
# text = Amharic uses its own beautiful script.
1	Amharic	amharic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
4	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Amharic | Amharic's own beautiful script |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent script=Patient |
| 2 | **script** |  | Amharic |  |  |  |  |  | nom script «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend's mum speaks Amharic at home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amharic:x3:1
# text = My friend's mum speaks Amharic at home.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Amharic	Amharic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | My friend's mum | Amharic |  | home |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Selam» is a greeting in Amharic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amharic:x4:1
# text = «Selam» is a greeting in Amharic.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Selam	Selam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	greeting	greeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Amharic	Amharic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Selam | a greeting |  | Amharic |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Amharic letters stand for whole syllables.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amharic:x5:1
# text = Amharic letters stand for whole syllables.
1	Amharic	amharic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	syllables	syllable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | Amharic letters |  |  |  |  | for whole syllables | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for syllable=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw an Amharic sign in the café.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amharic:x6:1
# text = We saw an Amharic sign in the café.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Amharic	amharic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	café	café	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a Amharic sign |  | the café |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sign=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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