---
title: amir — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «amir» in the school dictionary: An amir (usually spelled emir) is a ruler, prince or commander in some Muslim countries, especially in the Middle East. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# amir

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** amir, emir, He · **What happens:** spell, be, live, rule, score, win · **To what, where:** ruler, common first name, palace, new boy, class, countries

<!-- .vabout -->
«amir» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [amir in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/amir.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An amir (usually spelled emir) is a ruler, prince or commander in some Muslim countries, especially in the Middle East.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amir:m1:1
# text = An amir (usually spelled emir) is a ruler, prince or commander in some Muslim countries, especially in the Middle East.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	amir	amir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	emir	emir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	commander	commander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	18	det	_	_
17	Muslim	Muslim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a amir | a ruler and prince or commander in some Muslim countries in the Middle East |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Amir is also a common first name for boys in many countries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amir:m2:1
# text = Amir is also a common first name for boys in many countries.
1	Amir	Amir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Amir | a common first name |  |  |  | for boys in many countries | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The amir lived in a palace by the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amir:x1:1
# text = The amir lived in a palace by the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	amir	amir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the amir |  |  | a palace |  | by the sea | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in palace=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Amir is the new boy in our class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amir:x2:1
# text = Amir is the new boy in our class.
1	Amir	Amir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Amir | the new boy |  | our class |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some countries in the Middle East are ruled by an emir.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amir:x3:1
# text = Some countries in the Middle East are ruled by an emir.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	emir	emir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | present · passive | a emir | some countries in the Middle East |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Amir scored the winning goal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amir:x4:1
# text = Amir scored the winning goal.
1	Amir	Amir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scored	score	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	winning	win	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **score** | past | Amir | the winning goal |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goal=Theme |
| 2 | **win** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old tale, the amir gave the traveller a golden cup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amir:x5:1
# text = In the old tale, the amir gave the traveller a golden cup.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	amir	amir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	traveller	traveller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the amir | the traveller |  | the old tale |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent traveller=Recipient cup=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Amir and I walk to school together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amir:x6:1
# text = Amir and I walk to school together.
1	Amir	Amir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	conj	_	_
4	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	together	together	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | present | Amir |  |  |  |  | to school *result*; together *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to school=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was receiving a visit from the Amir of Afghanistan--a wild king of a very wild country.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:amir:x7:1
# text = He was receiving a visit from the Amir of Afghanistan--a wild king of a very wild country.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	receiving	receive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	visit	visit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Amir	Amir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Afghanistan	Afghanistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	very	very	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | past · progressive | He | a visit |  | the Amir of Afghanistan |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent visit=Theme from amir=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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