---
title: and — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «and» in the school dictionary: And joins two words or two parts of a sentence: bread and butter. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# and

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** she, numbers, sums, Chatty speakers, that, exam voice · **What happens:** join, mean, smile, wave, say, make · **To what, where:** two words, links parts, five, own, it, sentence · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«and» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [and in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/and.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And joins two words or two parts of a sentence: bread and butter.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:m1:1
# text = And joins two words or two parts of a sentence: bread and butter.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	joins	join	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present |  | two words or two parts of a sentence |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And can mean then, after that: she smiled and waved.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:m2:1
# text = And can mean then, after that: she smiled and waved.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	smiled	smile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	waved	wave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  | after that; then |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **smile** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **wave** | past | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In numbers said aloud, and links parts: one hundred and five.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:m3:1
# text = In numbers said aloud, and links parts: one hundred and five.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	links	link	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	compound	_	_
8	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	compound	_	_
11	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | numbers | links parts  one hundred |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And can mean «plus» in sums: two and three make five.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:m4:1
# text = And can mean «plus» in sums: two and three make five.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	plus	plus	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	appos	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	conj	_	_
13	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
14	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | present | sums | five |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset five=Product |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«And?» or «So?» on its own means «so what, why does it matter?», often rude.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:m5:1
# text = «And?» or «So?» on its own means «so what, why does it matter?», often rude.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	So	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obl	_	_
13	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
16	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
19	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	expl	_	_
21	matter	matter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	often	often	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | its own |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **matter** *in a quote* | present · do-support |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chatty speakers start sentence after sentence with «and» or «and then», and «and that» or «and stuff» (UK, Australia) means «and so on».

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:m6:1
# text = Chatty speakers start sentence after sentence with «and» or «and then», and «and that» or «and stuff» (UK, Australia) means «and so on».
1	Chatty	chatty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
14	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	32	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	32	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	stuff	stuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	_
27	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	_
32	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
33	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	so	so	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	on	on	ADV	RB	_	32	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | Chatty speakers | sentence |  |  | after sentence |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sentence=Eventuality |
| 2 | **mean** | present | that |  |  |  | then |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The exam voice joins with «as well as», «in addition to», «together with», «furthermore».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:m7:1
# text = The exam voice joins with «as well as», «in addition to», «together with», «furthermore».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	joins	join	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	4	advmod	_	_
8	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	fixed	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	addition	addition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	together	together	ADV	RB	_	4	parataxis	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	furthermore	furthermore	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present | the exam voice |  |  |  |  | furthermore *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Student: one book and one plum

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x1:1
# text = Student: one book and one plum
1	Student	student	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	plum	plum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ben bought 6 cards on Monday and 5 cards on Tuesday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x2:1
# text = Ben bought 6 cards on Monday and 5 cards on Tuesday.
1	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Monday	Monday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Tuesday	Tuesday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | Ben | 6 cards |  |  | monday; tuesday |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mia has 4 red balls and 7 green balls. How many balls does she have?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Mia has 4 red balls and 7 green balls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x3:1
# text = Mia has 4 red balls and 7 green balls.
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Mia | 4 red balls and 7 green balls |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How many balls does she have?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x3:2
# text = How many balls does she have?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · do-support | many balls |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leo had 9 kites and lost 5.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x4:1
# text = Leo had 9 kites and lost 5.
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	kites	kite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Leo | 9 kites |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kite=Patient |
| 2 | **lose** | past | Leo *not said here* | 5 |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 5=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two and three make five.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x5:1
# text = Two and three make five.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	1	conj	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Two | five |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset five=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I like cats and dogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x6:1
# text = I like cats and dogs.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | I | cats and dogs |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot cat=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went to the beach and built a sandcastle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x7:1
# text = We went to the beach and built a sandcastle.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sandcastle	sandcastle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  | the beach |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to beach=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **build** | past | We *not said here* | a sandcastle |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sandcastle=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandpa is ninety and still swims every day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x8:1
# text = My grandpa is ninety and still swims every day.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandpa	grandpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	ninety	ninety	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	still	still	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	swims	swim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My grandpa | ninety |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swim** | present | My grandpa *not said here* |  |  |  | still; day |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and then the bus was late, and then nan rang, anyway she gave me 4

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x9:1
# text = and then the bus was late, and then nan rang, anyway she gave me 4
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
10	nan	nan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	anyway	anyway	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
16	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	iobj	_	_
17	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the bus |  |  |  | then | late *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **ring** | past | nan |  |  |  | then |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **give** | past | nan | 4 | me |  |  | anyway *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient 4=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«I ate the last 3 biscuits.» «And? There's loads more.»

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «I ate the last 3 biscuits.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x10:1
# text = «I ate the last 3 biscuits.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	biscuits	biscuit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** *in a quote* | past | I | the last 3 biscuits |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biscuit=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* «And?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x10:2
# text = «And?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* There's loads more.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x10:3
# text = There's loads more.»
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	loads	load	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
4	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | loads |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Me and Jo got crisps and drinks and stuff.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x11:1
# text = Me and Jo got crisps and drinks and stuff.
1	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Jo	Jo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	crisps	crisp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	drinks	drink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	stuff	stuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Me | crisps and drinks and stuff |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer crisp=Stimulus |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mia possesses 4 red spheres in addition to 7 green spheres; ascertain the total quantity.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x12:1
# text = Mia possesses 4 red spheres in addition to 7 green spheres; ascertain the total quantity.
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	possesses	possess	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	spheres	sphere	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	addition	addition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
10	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	spheres	sphere	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	quantity	quantity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | Mia | 4 red spheres |  | addition to 7 green spheres |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sphere=Theme |
| 2 | **ascertain** | infinitive | Mia *not said here* | the total quantity |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quantity=Topic |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Some wine and meat," she replied.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:and:x13:1
# text = "Some wine and meat," she replied.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	ccomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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