---
title: animation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «animation» in the school dictionary: A cartoon or film made by showing many drawings, models or computer pictures one after another so they seem to move. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# animation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cartoon, work, someone, We, Animation, favourite animation · **What happens:** make, show, seem, move, talk, need · **To what, where:** cartoon, many drawings, such films, way, motion animation, many pictures · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«animation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [animation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/animation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon or film made by showing many drawings, models or computer pictures one after another so they seem to move.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:animation:m1:1
# text = A cartoon or film made by showing many drawings, models or computer pictures one after another so they seem to move.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	drawings	drawing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	models	model	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nmod	_	_
16	after	after	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	nmod	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	seem	seem	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a cartoon or film *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **show** | gerund |  | many drawings and models or computer pictures  one after another |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent drawing=Recipient |
| 3 | **seem** | present | a cartoon or film |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 4 | **move** | to-infinitive | a cartoon or film *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The art or work of making such films.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:animation:m2:1
# text = The art or work of making such films.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	films	film	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund | work *not said here* | such films |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset film=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liveliness and excitement in the way someone talks or moves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:animation:m3:1
# text = Liveliness and excitement in the way someone talks or moves.
1	Liveliness	liveliness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	excitement	excitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
8	talks	talk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present | someone | the way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent way=Patient |
| 2 | **move** | present | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made a stop-motion animation with plasticine figures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:animation:x1:1
# text = We made a stop-motion animation with plasticine figures.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	animation	animation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	plasticine	plasticine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	figures	figure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a motion animation |  |  |  | with plasticine figures | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animation=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animation needs many pictures every second.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:animation:x2:1
# text = Animation needs many pictures every second.
1	Animation	animation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Animation | many pictures |  |  | second |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot picture=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My favourite animation is about a dragon who can't fly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:animation:x3:1
# text = My favourite animation is about a dragon who can't fly.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	animation	animation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
9	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My favourite animation | a dragon |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **fly** | can | a dragon |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Scratch, we coded an animation of a cat dancing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:animation:x4:1
# text = In Scratch, we coded an animation of a cat dancing.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Scratch	Scratch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	coded	code	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	animation	animation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	dancing	dancing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **code** | past | we | a animation of a cat dancing |  |  |  | in Scratch *goal* | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent animation=Theme in scratch=Goal |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She told the story with great animation, waving her arms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:animation:x5:1
# text = She told the story with great animation, waving her arms.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	animation	animation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	waving	wave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | She | the story |  |  |  | with great animation | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient |
| 2 | **wave** | gerund | She *not said here* | her arms |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A flip book is a simple kind of animation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:animation:x6:1
# text = A flip book is a simple kind of animation.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	flip	flip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	animation	animation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a flip book | a simple kind |  |  |  | of animation | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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