---
title: ankylosaurus — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ankylosaurus» in the school dictionary: An ankylosaurus was a large, plant-eating dinosaur covered in thick bony plates, like armour, with a heavy club at the end of its tail. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ankylosaurus

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ankylosaurus, It, We, armour · **What happens:** eat, be, cover, live, swing, see · **To what, where:** large eating dinosaur, end, North America, tail club, T. rex, ankylosaurus

<!-- .vabout -->
«ankylosaurus» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ankylosaurus in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ankylosaurus.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ankylosaurus was a large, plant-eating dinosaur covered in thick bony plates, like armour, with a heavy club at the end of its tail.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ankylosaurus:m1:1
# text = An ankylosaurus was a large, plant-eating dinosaur covered in thick bony plates, like armour, with a heavy club at the end of its tail.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ankylosaurus	ankylosaurus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
24	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | a ankylosaurus | a large eating dinosaur and a heavy club at the end of ankylosaurus's tail |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **cover** | participle |  | a large eating dinosaur and a heavy club at the end of ankylosaurus's tail *not said here* |  |  |  | like armour; in thick bony plates | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in plate=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It lived at the end of the age of dinosaurs (the Late Cretaceous), in what is now North America.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ankylosaurus:m2:1
# text = It lived at the end of the age of dinosaurs (the Late Cretaceous), in what is now North America.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	Cretaceous	Cretaceous	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	parataxis	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	22	advmod	_	_
21	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | It |  |  |  | at the end of the age of dinosaurs  the Late Cretaceous |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at end=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | North America |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ankylosaurus swung its tail club at the T. rex.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ankylosaurus:x1:1
# text = The ankylosaurus swung its tail club at the T. rex.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ankylosaurus	ankylosaurus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	T.	T.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	rex	rex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing** | past | the ankylosaurus | ankylosaurus's tail club |  | the T. rex |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent club=Theme at rex=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ankylosaurus was covered in bony plates.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ankylosaurus:x2:1
# text = An ankylosaurus was covered in bony plates.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ankylosaurus	ankylosaurus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | a ankylosaurus |  |  |  | in bony plates | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in plate=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ankylosaurus ate low plants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ankylosaurus:x3:1
# text = Ankylosaurus ate low plants.
1	Ankylosaurus	Ankylosaurus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | Ankylosaurus | low plants |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw an ankylosaurus skeleton at the museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ankylosaurus:x4:1
# text = We saw an ankylosaurus skeleton at the museum.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ankylosaurus	ankylosaurus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a ankylosaurus skeleton |  | the museum |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer skeleton=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its armour was an adaptation to keep it safe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ankylosaurus:x5:1
# text = Its armour was an adaptation to keep it safe.
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	adaptation	adaptation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Its armour | a adaptation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | armour |  |  |  | safe *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ankylosaurus was about as long as a bus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ankylosaurus:x6:1
# text = The ankylosaurus was about as long as a bus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ankylosaurus	ankylosaurus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	as	as	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the ankylosaurus |  |  |  |  | as a bus; about, long *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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