---
title: annexation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «annexation» in the school dictionary: Annexation is when one country takes control of land that belonged to another country and makes it part of itself, often by force. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# annexation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Annexation, control, town, most countries, United Nations, vote · **What happens:** be, belong, make, join, not recognise, vote · **To what, where:** country, nearby land, Annexation, village, international law · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«annexation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [annexation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/annexation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Annexation is when one country takes control of land that belonged to another country and makes it part of itself, often by force.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annexation:m1:1
# text = Annexation is when one country takes control of land that belonged to another country and makes it part of itself, often by force.
1	Annexation	annexation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	belonged	belong	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
14	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	often	often	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Annexation |  |  |  |  | take *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **belong** | past | control of land |  |  |  |  | to another country | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | present | Annexation *not said here* | country |  |  |  | by force | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset it=Beneficiary part=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Annexation is also when a town or city joins nearby land to itself by law.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annexation:m2:1
# text = Annexation is also when a town or city joins nearby land to itself by law.
1	Annexation	annexation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	joins	join	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl:relcl	_	_
10	nearby	nearby	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Annexation |  |  |  |  | when *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **join** | present | a town or city | nearby land | Annexation |  |  | by law | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent land=Patient to itself=Co-Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014 was not recognised by most countries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annexation:x1:1
# text = Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014 was not recognised by most countries.
1	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	annexation	annexation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Crimea	Crimea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	2014	2014	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	recognised	recognise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	amod	_	_
13	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **recognise** | past · passive | most countries | Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014 |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The United Nations General Assembly voted that the vote used to justify the annexation was not valid.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annexation:x2:1
# text = The United Nations General Assembly voted that the vote used to justify the annexation was not valid.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	3	compound	_	_
3	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	General	General	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
5	Assembly	Assembly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	voted	vote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	vote	vote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	justify	justify	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	annexation	annexation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	valid	valid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vote** | past | the United Nations |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **use** | past | the vote |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **justify** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | the vote *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **is** | past | the annexation |  |  |  |  | valid *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The empire grew through the annexation of smaller kingdoms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annexation:x3:1
# text = The empire grew through the annexation of smaller kingdoms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	annexation	annexation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | the empire |  |  | the annexation of smaller kingdoms |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through annexation=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The city's annexation of the village made it bigger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annexation:x4:1
# text = The city's annexation of the village made it bigger.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	annexation	annexation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the city's annexation of the village | village |  |  |  | big *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many people protested against the annexation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annexation:x5:1
# text = Many people protested against the annexation.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	protested	protest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	annexation	annexation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protest** *speech: disagree* | past | Many people |  |  |  |  | against the annexation | vn rebel-71.2-2 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent against annexation=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Annexation by force breaks international law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annexation:x6:1
# text = Annexation by force breaks international law.
1	Annexation	annexation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	international	international	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present | Annexation by force | international law |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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