---
title: announcement — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «announcement» in the school dictionary: An announcement is a public message that tells people some news or information. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# announcement

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** announcement, public message, act, headteacher, you, flight · **What happens:** be, tell, make, listen, close, say · **To what, where:** public message, news, people, something, announcement, assembly · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«announcement» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [announcement in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/announcement.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An announcement is a public message that tells people some news or information.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:announcement:m1:1
# text = An announcement is a public message that tells people some news or information.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	announcement	announcement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a announcement | a public message |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a public message | some news or information | people |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient news=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of telling people something officially.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:announcement:m2:1
# text = The act of telling people something officially.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
7	officially	officially	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | the act *not said here* | something | people |  |  | officially *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient something=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The headteacher made an announcement in assembly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:announcement:x1:1
# text = The headteacher made an announcement in assembly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	headteacher	headteacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	announcement	announcement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	assembly	assembly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the headteacher | a announcement |  | assembly |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset announcement=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Listen carefully to the announcements on the train.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:announcement:x2:1
# text = Listen carefully to the announcements on the train.
1	Listen	listen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	announcements	announcement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the announcements on the train; carefully *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to announcement=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was an announcement that the pool is closed today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:announcement:x3:1
# text = There was an announcement that the pool is closed today.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	announcement	announcement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a announcement |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **close** | present · passive |  | the pool |  |  | today |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The announcement said our flight was delayed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:announcement:x4:1
# text = The announcement said our flight was delayed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	announcement	announcement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	delayed	delayed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the announcement |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | our flight |  |  |  |  | delayed *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher has an exciting announcement: we are going to the zoo!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:announcement:x5:1
# text = The teacher has an exciting announcement: we are going to the zoo!
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	exciting	exciting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	announcement	announcement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the teacher | a exciting announcement |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent announcement=Patient |
| 2 | **go** | present · progressive | we |  |  | the zoo |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to zoo=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I missed the announcement because I was talking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:announcement:x6:1
# text = I missed the announcement because I was talking.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	missed	miss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	announcement	announcement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **miss** | past | I | the announcement |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer announcement=Stimulus |
| 2 | **talk** | past · progressive | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An announcement over the speaker told everyone to go to the hall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:announcement:x7:1
# text = An announcement over the speaker told everyone to go to the hall.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	announcement	announcement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	speaker	speaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | a announcement over the speaker | everyone |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent everyone=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | everyone *not said here* |  |  | the hall |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to hall=Initial\_Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This unexpected announcement caused the princess such terror that she sank down in a dead faint.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:announcement:x8:1
# text = This unexpected announcement caused the princess such terror that she sank down in a dead faint.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	unexpected	unexpected	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	announcement	announcement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	terror	terror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
12	down	down	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	faint	faint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | this unexpected announcement | the princess such terror |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition terror=Patient |
| 2 | **sink down** | past | announcement |  |  | a dead faint |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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