---
title: annual — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «annual» in the school dictionary: Happening once every year: our annual sports day. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# annual

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** plant, thick book, school, annual rainfall, Marigolds, we · **What happens:** happen, grow, die, come out, have, be · **To what, where:** flowers, 600 mm, annuals, new ones, 120 dollars, 10 dollars · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«annual» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [annual in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/annual.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Happening once every year: our annual sports day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annual:m1:1
# text = Happening once every year: our annual sports day.
1	Happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	1	advmod	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
7	annual	annual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	compound	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | gerund |  |  |  |  | day | once *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For a whole year: annual rainfall, annual salary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annual:m2:1
# text = For a whole year: annual rainfall, annual salary.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	annual	annual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	annual	annual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	salary	salary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plant that grows, flowers and dies in one year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annual:m3:1
# text = A plant that grows, flowers and dies in one year.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	dies	die	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | a plant | flowers |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **die** | present | a plant *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun, UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A thick book for children, often with comics and puzzles, that comes out once a year.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annual:m4:1
# text = A thick book for children, often with comics and puzzles, that comes out once a year.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	comics	comic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	puzzles	puzzle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	14	advmod	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come out** | present | a thick book for children and comics and puzzles |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school has an annual sports day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annual:x1:1
# text = Our school has an annual sports day.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	annual	annual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	compound	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our school |  |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The annual rainfall here is about 600 mm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annual:x2:1
# text = The annual rainfall here is about 600 mm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	annual	annual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	600	600	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	mm	mm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the annual rainfall | 600 mm |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Marigolds are annuals, so we plant new ones each spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annual:x3:1
# text = Marigolds are annuals, so we plant new ones each spring.
1	Marigolds	marigold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	annuals	annual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	plant	plant	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Marigolds | annuals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **plant** | present | we | new ones |  |  | spring |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An annual ticket costs 120 dollars, which is 10 dollars a month.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annual:x4:1
# text = An annual ticket costs 120 dollars, which is 10 dollars a month.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	annual	annual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	ticket	ticket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	120	120	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | a annual ticket | 120 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |
| 2 | **is a** | present | 120 dollars | 10 dollars |  |  | month |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad gave me a comic annual for my birthday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annual:x5:1
# text = Grandad gave me a comic annual for my birthday.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	comic	comic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	annual	annual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Grandad | a comic annual | me |  |  | for my birthday | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent i=Recipient annual=Theme for birthday=Asset |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog has its annual check-up at the vet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annual:x6:1
# text = The dog has its annual check-up at the vet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	annual	annual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	check	check	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	vet	vet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the dog | dog's annual check |  | the vet |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent check=Patient |
| 2 | **check** |  | dog |  |  |  |  |  | nom check «possession intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) Ascertain the annual total from the monthly figures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annual:x7:1
# text = (formal) Ascertain the annual total from the monthly figures.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	annual	annual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	total	total	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	monthly	monthly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	figures	figure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | present | formal | the annual total |  | the monthly figures |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent total=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Annual festivals, called Veneralia, were held in her honour, and the month of April, when flowers and plants spring forth afresh, was sacred to her.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annual:x8:1
# text = Annual festivals, called Veneralia, were held in her honour, and the month of April, when flowers and plants spring forth afresh, was sacred to her.
1	Annual	annual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	festivals	festival	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
5	Veneralia	Veneralia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	honour	honour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	April	April	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	23	mark	_	_
20	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	spring	spring	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
24	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	afresh	afresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle |  | Annual festivals *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hold** | past · passive |  | Annual festivals |  | Veneralia's honour |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in honour=Location |
| 3 | **spring** | present | flowers and plants |  |  |  |  | afresh *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | the month of April |  | Veneralia |  |  | sacred *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **honour** |  | Veneralia |  |  |  |  |  | nom honour «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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