---
title: annul — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «annul» in the school dictionary: To officially say that something such as a marriage, contract or election never counted and is cancelled. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# annul

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** annulment, marriage, Henry, court, contract, Their · **What happens:** say, not count, cancel, declare, not be, ask · **To what, where:** something, Catholic Church, Pope, first marriage, election result, contract · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«annul» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [annul in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/annul.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To officially say that something such as a marriage, contract or election never counted and is cancelled.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annul:m1:1
# text = To officially say that something such as a marriage, contract or election never counted and is cancelled.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	officially	officially	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	marriage	marriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	contract	contract	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	counted	count	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	cancelled	cancel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | officially *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **count** | participle · passive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **cancel** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Catholic Church, an annulment declares that a marriage was never valid.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annul:m2:1
# text = In the Catholic Church, an annulment declares that a marriage was never valid.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Catholic	Catholic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	annulment	annulment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	declares	declare	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	marriage	marriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	valid	valid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | present | a annulment |  |  | the Catholic Church |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | a marriage |  |  |  |  | valid *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Henry VIII asked the Pope to annul his first marriage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annul:x1:1
# text = Henry VIII asked the Pope to annul his first marriage.
1	Henry	Henry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	VIII	VIII	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	1	flat	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Pope	Pope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	annul	annul	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
10	marriage	marriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Henry |  | the Pope |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent pope=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **annul** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Henry *not said here* | Henry's first marriage |  |  |  |  | vn void-106 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marriage=Patient |
| 3 | **marry** |  | Henry |  |  |  |  |  | nom marriage «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The court annulled the election result.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annul:x2:1
# text = The court annulled the election result.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	annulled	annul	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **annul** | past | the court | the election result |  |  |  |  | vn void-106 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent result=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The contract was annulled because it was unfair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annul:x3:1
# text = The contract was annulled because it was unfair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	contract	contract	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	annulled	annul	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **annul** | past · passive |  | the contract |  |  |  |  | vn void-106 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | contract |  |  |  |  | unfair *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their marriage was annulled after a few months.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annul:x4:1
# text = Their marriage was annulled after a few months.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	marriage	marriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	annulled	annul	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **annul** | past · passive |  | Their marriage |  |  | month |  | vn void-106 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **marry** |  | Their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom marriage «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge annulled the agreement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annul:x5:1
# text = The judge annulled the agreement.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	annulled	annul	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **annul** | past | the judge | the agreement |  |  |  |  | vn void-106 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent agreement=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Catholics believe an annulment means a marriage was never valid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:annul:x6:1
# text = Catholics believe an annulment means a marriage was never valid.
1	Catholics	Catholic	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	annulment	annulment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	marriage	marriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	valid	valid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Catholics |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **mean** | present | a annulment |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** | past | a marriage |  |  |  |  | valid *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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