---
title: antibacterial — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «antibacterial» in the school dictionary: Antibacterial means killing bacteria or stopping them from growing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# antibacterial

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Antibacterial, substance, Mum, Antibacterial wipes, Antibacterial gel, you · **What happens:** mean, kill, stop, grow, be, do · **To what, where:** bacteria, substance, this, kitchen, table, hands · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«antibacterial» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [antibacterial in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/antibacterial.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antibacterial means killing bacteria or stopping them from growing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibacterial:m1:1
# text = Antibacterial means killing bacteria or stopping them from growing.
1	Antibacterial	antibacterial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	_
4	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Antibacterial |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **kill** | gerund |  | bacteria |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacterium=Theme |
| 3 | **stop** | gerund |  | bacteria *= bacterium* |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality they=Eventuality |
| 4 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An antibacterial is a substance that does this.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibacterial:m2:1
# text = An antibacterial is a substance that does this.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	antibacterial	antibacterial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a antibacterial | a substance |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present | a substance | this |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum cleaned the kitchen with antibacterial spray.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibacterial:x1:1
# text = Mum cleaned the kitchen with antibacterial spray.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cleaned	clean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	antibacterial	antibacterial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	spray	spray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | past | Mum | the kitchen |  |  |  | with antibacterial spray | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent kitchen=Patient with spray=Instrument |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antibacterial wipes help keep the table clean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibacterial:x2:1
# text = Antibacterial wipes help keep the table clean.
1	Antibacterial	antibacterial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	wipes	wipe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Antibacterial wipes |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | infinitive | Antibacterial wipes *not said here* | the table |  |  |  | clean *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antibacterial gel is useful when you can't wash your hands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibacterial:x3:1
# text = Antibacterial gel is useful when you can't wash your hands.
1	Antibacterial	antibacterial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	gel	gel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	wash	wash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Antibacterial gel |  |  |  |  | useful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **wash** | can | you | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Honey has some antibacterial power.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibacterial:x4:1
# text = Honey has some antibacterial power.
1	Honey	honey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
4	antibacterial	antibacterial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Honey | some antibacterial power |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ordinary soap and water work as well as antibacterial soap for handwashing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibacterial:x5:1
# text = Ordinary soap and water work as well as antibacterial soap for handwashing.
1	Ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	soap	soap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	5	advmod	_	_
7	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	fixed	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	antibacterial	antibacterial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	soap	soap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	handwashing	handwashing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Ordinary soap and water |  |  |  |  | as antibacterial soap for handwashing | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.attribute PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent as soap=Attribute |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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