---
title: antibody — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «antibody» in the school dictionary: An antibody is a special protein made by your body's immune system that sticks to germs, like viruses and bacteria, and helps destroy them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# antibody

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** antibody, immune system, White blood cells, Antibodies, body, vaccine · **What happens:** be, make, stick, help, destroy, fight · **To what, where:** special protein, bacteria, antibodies, body, germs, you

<!-- .vabout -->
«antibody» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [antibody in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/antibody.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An antibody is a special protein made by your body's immune system that sticks to germs, like viruses and bacteria, and helps destroy them.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibody:m1:1
# text = An antibody is a special protein made by your body's immune system that sticks to germs, like viruses and bacteria, and helps destroy them.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	antibody	antibody	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	protein	protein	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	immune	immune	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	sticks	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
26	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a antibody | a special protein |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a special protein *not said here* |  |  |  | by your body's immune system | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **stick** | present | your body's immune system |  |  |  |  | to germs and viruses and bacteria | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to germ=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **help** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **destroy** | infinitive |  | bacteria *= bacterium* |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
White blood cells make antibodies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibody:x1:1
# text = White blood cells make antibodies.
1	White	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	antibodies	antibody	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | White blood cells | antibodies |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset antibody=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antibodies help your body fight germs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibody:x2:1
# text = Antibodies help your body fight germs.
1	Antibodies	antibody	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Antibodies | your body |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent body=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **fight** | infinitive | your body *not said here* | germs |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vaccine helps you make antibodies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibody:x3:1
# text = A vaccine helps you make antibodies.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	antibodies	antibody	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a vaccine | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | infinitive | you *not said here* | antibodies |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset antibody=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each antibody fits one kind of germ.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibody:x4:1
# text = Each antibody fits one kind of germ.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	antibody	antibody	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fits	fit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	germ	germ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fit** | present | each antibody | one kind of germ |  |  |  |  | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Babies get some antibodies from their mothers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibody:x5:1
# text = Babies get some antibodies from their mothers.
1	Babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	antibodies	antibody	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mothers	mother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | Babies | some antibodies |  |  |  | from Babies's mothers | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent antibody=Theme from mother=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After chickenpox, your body has antibodies against it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibody:x6:1
# text = After chickenpox, your body has antibodies against it.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	chickenpox	chickenpox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	antibodies	antibody	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | your body | antibodies |  |  | after chickenpox | against chickenpox | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antibody=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antibodies are part of the immune system.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibody:x7:1
# text = Antibodies are part of the immune system.
1	Antibodies	antibody	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	immune	immune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Antibodies | part |  |  |  | of the immune system | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The test showed antibodies in his blood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antibody:x8:1
# text = The test showed antibodies in his blood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	antibodies	antibody	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the test | antibodies |  |  |  | in test's blood | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent antibody=Patient in blood=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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