---
title: antifreeze — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «antifreeze» in the school dictionary: Antifreeze is a liquid added to the water in a car engine (and some other machines) to stop it freezing in cold weather and to help keep the engine cool. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# antifreeze

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Antifreeze, Dad, you, fish, Salt, mechanic · **What happens:** be, add, stop, freeze, help, keep · **To what, where:** liquid, car engine, Antifreeze, cold weather, engine, car

<!-- .vabout -->
«antifreeze» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [antifreeze in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/antifreeze.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antifreeze is a liquid added to the water in a car engine (and some other machines) to stop it freezing in cold weather and to help keep the engine cool.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antifreeze:m1:1
# text = Antifreeze is a liquid added to the water in a car engine (and some other machines) to stop it freezing in cold weather and to help keep the engine cool.
1	Antifreeze	antifreeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	added	add	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	det	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	freezing	freeze	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	xcomp	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
29	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Antifreeze | a liquid |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | participle |  | a liquid *not said here* |  | a car engine |  | to the water | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to water=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  | Antifreeze |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **freeze** | gerund |  |  |  | cold weather |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **help** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 6 | **keep** | infinitive |  | the engine |  |  |  | cool *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad put antifreeze in the car before winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antifreeze:x1:1
# text = Dad put antifreeze in the car before winter.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	antifreeze	antifreeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | Dad | antifreeze |  | the car | winter |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent antifreeze=Theme in car=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antifreeze stops the water in the engine from freezing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antifreeze:x2:1
# text = Antifreeze stops the water in the engine from freezing.
1	Antifreeze	antifreeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present | Antifreeze | the water |  | the engine from freezing |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality water=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antifreeze is poisonous, so never touch it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antifreeze:x3:1
# text = Antifreeze is poisonous, so never touch it.
1	Antifreeze	antifreeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	touch	touch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Antifreeze |  |  |  |  | poisonous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **touch** | infinitive |  | Antifreeze |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cats can be poisoned by drinking spilled antifreeze.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antifreeze:x4:1
# text = Cats can be poisoned by drinking spilled antifreeze.
1	Cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	poisoned	poison	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	drinking	drink	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	spilled	spill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	antifreeze	antifreeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **poison** | can · passive |  | Cats |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **drink** | gerund |  | spilled antifreeze |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antifreeze=Patient |
| 3 | **spill** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep antifreeze locked away from children and pets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antifreeze:x5:1
# text = Keep antifreeze locked away from children and pets.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	antifreeze	antifreeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	locked	lock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	pets	pet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | antifreeze |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antifreeze=Theme |
| 2 | **lock away** | participle |  | antifreeze *not said here* |  |  |  | from children and pets; away *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some fish in the Antarctic have natural antifreeze in their blood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antifreeze:x6:1
# text = Some fish in the Antarctic have natural antifreeze in their blood.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Antarctic	Antarctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	antifreeze	antifreeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some fish in the Antarctic | natural antifreeze |  | fish's blood |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antifreeze=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salt works a bit like antifreeze on icy roads.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antifreeze:x7:1
# text = Salt works a bit like antifreeze on icy roads.
1	Salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	antifreeze	antifreeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Salt | a bit |  |  |  | like antifreeze on icy roads | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent bit=Material |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mechanic checked the antifreeze level.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antifreeze:x8:1
# text = The mechanic checked the antifreeze level.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mechanic	mechanic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	checked	check	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	antifreeze	antifreeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | past | the mechanic | the antifreeze level |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent level=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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