---
title: antimicrobial — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «antimicrobial» in the school dictionary: Killing or stopping the growth of tiny living things (microbes) such as bacteria, viruses or fungi. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# antimicrobial

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tiny living things, substance, Antimicrobial wipes, Antibiotics, Overusing, Honey · **What happens:** kill, stop, grow, do, clean, be · **To what, where:** growth, this, tables, kind, antimicrobials, germs

<!-- .vabout -->
«antimicrobial» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [antimicrobial in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/antimicrobial.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Killing or stopping the growth of tiny living things (microbes) such as bacteria, viruses or fungi.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antimicrobial:m1:1
# text = Killing or stopping the growth of tiny living things (microbes) such as bacteria, viruses or fungi.
1	Killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	microbes	microbe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **stop** | gerund |  | the growth of tiny living things such bacteria and viruses or fungi |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality growth=Eventuality |
| 3 | **grow** |  | tiny living things such bacteria and viruses or fungi |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
noun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antimicrobial:m2:1
# text = noun.
1	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A medicine or substance that does this.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antimicrobial:m2e:1
# text = A medicine or substance that does this.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | substance | this |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antimicrobial wipes clean the tables.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antimicrobial:x1:1
# text = Antimicrobial wipes clean the tables.
1	Antimicrobial	antimicrobial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	wipes	wipe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	clean	clean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | present | Antimicrobial wipes | the tables |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent table=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antibiotics are a kind of antimicrobial.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antimicrobial:x2:1
# text = Antibiotics are a kind of antimicrobial.
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	antimicrobial	antimicrobial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Antibiotics | a kind |  |  |  | of antimicrobial | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Overusing antimicrobials can make germs resistant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antimicrobial:x3:1
# text = Overusing antimicrobials can make germs resistant.
1	Overusing	overuse	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	antimicrobials	antimicrobial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	resistant	resistant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overuse** | gerund |  | antimicrobials |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | can | Overusing | germs |  |  |  | resistant *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset germ=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Honey has some antimicrobial power.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antimicrobial:x4:1
# text = Honey has some antimicrobial power.
1	Honey	honey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
4	antimicrobial	antimicrobial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Honey | some antimicrobial power |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hospitals use antimicrobial gels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antimicrobial:x5:1
# text = Hospitals use antimicrobial gels.
1	Hospitals	hospital	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	antimicrobial	antimicrobial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	gels	gel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Hospitals | antimicrobial gels |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gel=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Copper has antimicrobial properties.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:antimicrobial:x6:1
# text = Copper has antimicrobial properties.
1	Copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	antimicrobial	antimicrobial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	properties	property	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Copper | antimicrobial properties |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent property=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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