---
title: aperture — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «aperture» in the school dictionary: An opening, hole or gap. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# aperture

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** camera, Light, pupil, you, cat, telescope · **What happens:** let in, change, let, enter, be, make · **To what, where:** light, size, more light, camera, aperture, narrow aperture

<!-- .vabout -->
«aperture» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [aperture in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/aperture.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An opening, hole or gap.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aperture:m1:1
# text = An opening, hole or gap.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	opening	opening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	gap	gap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: photography, science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hole in a camera or telescope that lets light in; its size can be changed to let in more or less light.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aperture:m2:1
# text = The hole in a camera or telescope that lets light in; its size can be changed to let in more or less light.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	telescope	telescope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	24	amod	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	21	conj	_	_
24	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let in** | present | a camera or telescope | light |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |
| 2 | **change** | can · passive |  | light's size |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **let** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | more light |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light enters the camera through the aperture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aperture:x1:1
# text = Light enters the camera through the aperture.
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	enters	enter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	aperture	aperture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enter** | present | Light | the camera |  | the aperture |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme camera=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pupil of your eye is like a camera's aperture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aperture:x2:1
# text = The pupil of your eye is like a camera's aperture.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	aperture	aperture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the pupil of your eye |  |  |  |  | like a camera's aperture | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Make the aperture smaller on a sunny day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aperture:x3:1
# text = Make the aperture smaller on a sunny day.
1	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	aperture	aperture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	xcomp	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | the aperture |  |  |  | small *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset aperture=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat squeezed through a narrow aperture in the fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aperture:x4:1
# text = The cat squeezed through a narrow aperture in the fence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	squeezed	squeeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	aperture	aperture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeeze** | participle | the cat |  |  | a narrow aperture in the fence |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through aperture=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arrows were shot through apertures in the castle wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aperture:x5:1
# text = Arrows were shot through apertures in the castle wall.
1	Arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	shot	shoot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	apertures	aperture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shoot** | past · passive |  | Arrows |  | apertures |  | in the castle wall | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme through aperture=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A telescope with a big aperture collects more light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aperture:x6:1
# text = A telescope with a big aperture collects more light.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	telescope	telescope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	aperture	aperture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	collects	collect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | present | a telescope with a big aperture | more light |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Delighted with his find he slipped in through the narrow aperture and greedily devoured it all.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aperture:x7:1
# text = Delighted with his find he slipped in through the narrow aperture and greedily devoured it all.
1	Delighted	delighted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	find	find	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	slipped	slip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	aperture	aperture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	greedily	greedily	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	devoured	devour	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slip in** | past | he | his find *not said here* |  | the narrow aperture |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent find=Patient |
| 2 | **devour** | past | he *not said here* | aperture |  |  |  | greedily *property* | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **find** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom find «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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