---
title: app — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «app» in the school dictionary: An app is a program on a phone, tablet or computer, like a game, a map or a calculator. It is short for «application». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# app

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** app, Dave, He, She, I, weather app · **What happens:** be, have, delete, download, leave, use · **To what, where:** program, phone, 23 apps, 8 apps, 6 new apps, many more apps · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«app» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [app in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/app.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An app is a program on a phone, tablet or computer, like a game, a map or a calculator. It is short for «application».

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* An app is a program on a phone, tablet or computer, like a game, a map or a calculator.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:app:m1:1
# text = An app is a program on a phone, tablet or computer, like a game, a map or a calculator.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	tablet	tablet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	calculator	calculator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a app | a program and a game |  | a phone and tablet or computer |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It is short for «application».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:app:m1:2
# text = It is short for «application».
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	application	application	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | app |  |  |  |  | for application; short *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dave had 23 apps on his phone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:app:x1:1
# text = Dave had 23 apps on his phone.
1	Dave	Dave	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	23	23	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	apps	app	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Dave | 23 apps |  | Dave's phone |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent app=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He deleted 8 apps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:app:x2:1
# text = He deleted 8 apps.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	deleted	delete	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	apps	app	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **delete** | past | He | 8 apps |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent app=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She downloaded 6 new apps.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:app:x3:1
# text = She downloaded 6 new apps.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	downloaded	download	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	apps	app	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **download** | past | She | 6 new apps |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many more apps than files did he have left?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:app:x4:1
# text = How many more apps than files did he have left?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	apps	app	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	files	file	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux	_	_
10	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · perfect · passive · do-support |  | many more apps than files |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I use a maths app to practise times tables.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:app:x5:1
# text = I use a maths app to practise times tables.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	maths	maths	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	practise	practise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	compound	_	_
9	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | I | a maths app |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent app=Patient |
| 2 | **practise** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | times tables |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The weather app says it will rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:app:x6:1
# text = The weather app says it will rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the weather app |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **rain** | future | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask a parent before you download a new app.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:app:x7:1
# text = Ask a parent before you download a new app.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	download	download	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a parent |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent parent=Recipient |
| 2 | **download** | present | you | a new app |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tap the app to open it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:app:x8:1
# text = Tap the app to open it.
1	Tap	tap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | to-infinitive |  | app |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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