---
title: appendage — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «appendage» in the school dictionary: An appendage is a part that sticks out from the main body, such as an arm, leg, tail, antenna or fin. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# appendage

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** appendage, part, Insects, lobster, octopus, eight appendages · **What happens:** be, stick out, add, have, use, grab · **To what, where:** part, main body, something, six legs, front appendages, food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«appendage» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [appendage in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/appendage.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An appendage is a part that sticks out from the main body, such as an arm, leg, tail, antenna or fin.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appendage:m1:1
# text = An appendage is a part that sticks out from the main body, such as an arm, leg, tail, antenna or fin.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	appendage	appendage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	sticks	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	17	case	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	antenna	antenna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	fin	fin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a appendage | a part |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stick out** | present | a part |  |  | the main body and a arm and leg and tail |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An appendage is something added to a bigger, more important thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appendage:m2:1
# text = An appendage is something added to a bigger, more important thing.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	appendage	appendage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	added	add	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
8	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
11	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a appendage | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to a bigger important thing | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to thing=Co-Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Insects have six legs and two antennae as appendages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appendage:x1:1
# text = Insects have six legs and two antennae as appendages.
1	Insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	antennae	antennae	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	appendages	appendage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Insects | six legs and two antennae as appendages |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lobster uses its front appendages to grab food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appendage:x2:1
# text = A lobster uses its front appendages to grab food.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lobster	lobster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	front	front	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	appendages	appendage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	grab	grab	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | a lobster | lobster's front appendages |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent appendage=Patient |
| 2 | **grab** | to-infinitive | a lobster *not said here* | food |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The octopus has eight appendages called arms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appendage:x3:1
# text = The octopus has eight appendages called arms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	appendages	appendage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the octopus | eight appendages |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent appendage=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | participle | eight appendages *not said here* | arms |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fins are appendages that help fish swim.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appendage:x4:1
# text = Fins are appendages that help fish swim.
1	Fins	fin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	appendages	appendage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Fins | appendages |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | present | appendages | fish |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent fish=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **swim** | infinitive | fish *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The small shed was an appendage to the big house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appendage:x5:1
# text = The small shed was an appendage to the big house.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	appendage	appendage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the small shed | a appendage |  |  |  | to the big house | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some insects can regrow a lost appendage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appendage:x6:1
# text = Some insects can regrow a lost appendage.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	regrow	regrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	appendage	appendage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **regrow** | can | some insects | a lost appendage |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I am like the luggage," said he; "I am here as a necessary appendage."

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appendage:x7:1
# text = "I am like the luggage," said he; "I am here as a necessary appendage."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	luggage	luggage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	ccomp	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	necessary	necessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	appendage	appendage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  | like the luggage | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  | as a necessary appendage; here *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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