---
title: apple — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «apple» in the school dictionary: An apple is a round fruit that grows on a tree; it can be red, green or yellow and has small seeds in the middle. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# apple

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** apple, round fruit, apple tree, tree, 9 apples, Tom · **What happens:** be, grow, have, eat, hold, pick · **To what, where:** round fruit, tree, small seeds, middle, apples, 1

<!-- .vabout -->
«apple» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [apple in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/apple.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An apple is a round fruit that grows on a tree; it can be red, green or yellow and has small seeds in the middle.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apple:m1:1
# text = An apple is a round fruit that grows on a tree; it can be red, green or yellow and has small seeds in the middle.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	cop	_	_
16	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
23	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a apple | a round fruit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | a round fruit |  |  | a tree |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tree=Location |
| 3 | **is** | can | apple |  |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | apple *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | apple *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **have** | present | apple *not said here* | small seeds |  | the middle |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seed=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An apple tree is the tree that grows apples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apple:m2:1
# text = An apple tree is the tree that grows apples.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a apple tree | the tree |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | the tree | apples |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location apple=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I place two apples on the table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apple:x1:1
# text = I place two apples on the table.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were 9 apples. Tom ate 1 of them.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* There were 9 apples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apple:x2:1
# text = There were 9 apples.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | 9 apples |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Tom ate 1 of them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apple:x2:2
# text = Tom ate 1 of them.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | Tom | 1 of apples |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 1=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A basket holds 6 apples. How many apples are in 4 baskets?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A basket holds 6 apples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apple:x3:1
# text = A basket holds 6 apples.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	basket	basket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | a basket | 6 apples |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How many apples are in 4 baskets?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apple:x3:2
# text = How many apples are in 4 baskets?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	baskets	basket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many apples |  |  | 4 baskets |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nora has 5 apples and Ali has 8 apples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apple:x4:1
# text = Nora has 5 apples and Ali has 8 apples.
1	Nora	Nora	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	Ali	Ali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Nora | 5 apples |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present | Ali | 8 apples |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have an apple in my lunchbox.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apple:x5:1
# text = I have an apple in my lunchbox.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	lunchbox	lunchbox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | a apple |  | my lunchbox |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We picked apples at the farm in autumn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apple:x6:1
# text = We picked apples at the farm in autumn.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	picked	pick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pick** | past | We | apples |  | the farm | autumn |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent apple=Theme at farm=Asset |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cut the apple in half and look at the seeds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apple:x7:1
# text = Cut the apple in half and look at the seeds.
1	Cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	1	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | imperative | you *not said here* | the apple |  | half |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset apple=Product |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the seeds | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at seed=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma makes the best apple pie.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apple:x8:1
# text = Grandma makes the best apple pie.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
5	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pie	pie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Grandma | the best apple pie |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pie=Product |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The apples were beginning to roast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apple:x9:1
# text = The apples were beginning to roast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	beginning	begin	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	roast	roast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past · progressive | the apples |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **roast** | to-infinitive | the apples *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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