---
title: apprenticeship — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «apprenticeship» in the school dictionary: A time of training when a young person learns a trade or job by working with a skilled worker, often while being paid a small wage. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# apprenticeship

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** young person, trade, period, cousin, boy, apprenticeship · **What happens:** learn, work, pay, do, serve, last · **To what, where:** trade, small wage, skill, someone, apprenticeship, long apprenticeship · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«apprenticeship» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [apprenticeship in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/apprenticeship.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A time of training when a young person learns a trade or job by working with a skilled worker, often while being paid a small wage.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apprenticeship:m1:1
# text = A time of training when a young person learns a trade or job by working with a skilled worker, often while being paid a small wage.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	learns	learn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	skilled	skilled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	often	often	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
22	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	paid	pay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	wage	wage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | a young person | a trade or job |  |  | time |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trade=Topic |
| 2 | **work** | gerund | a trade or job *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a skilled worker | vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with worker=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **pay** | gerund · passive | a young person *not said here* | a small wage |  |  |  | often *property* | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: wage=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any period of learning a skill from someone more experienced.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apprenticeship:m2:1
# text = Any period of learning a skill from someone more experienced.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	_
9	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	_
10	experienced	experienced	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | gerund | any period *not said here* | a skill |  | someone |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent skill=Topic from someone=Source |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin is doing an apprenticeship as an electrician.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apprenticeship:x1:1
# text = My cousin is doing an apprenticeship as an electrician.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	apprenticeship	apprenticeship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	electrician	electrician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present · progressive | My cousin | a apprenticeship |  |  |  | as a electrician | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apprenticeship=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In old times a boy might serve a long apprenticeship with a blacksmith.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apprenticeship:x2:1
# text = In old times a boy might serve a long apprenticeship with a blacksmith.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	apprenticeship	apprenticeship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	blacksmith	blacksmith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | might | a boy | a long apprenticeship |  |  | time | with a blacksmith | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent apprenticeship=Recipient with blacksmith=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her apprenticeship lasts four years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apprenticeship:x3:1
# text = Her apprenticeship lasts four years.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	apprenticeship	apprenticeship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | present | Her apprenticeship |  |  |  | year |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During his apprenticeship he earned a small wage and went to college one day a week.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apprenticeship:x4:1
# text = During his apprenticeship he earned a small wage and went to college one day a week.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	apprenticeship	apprenticeship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	earned	earn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	wage	wage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	college	college	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **earn** | past | he | a small wage |  |  | during his apprenticeship |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wage=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | past | he *not said here* |  |  | college | day; week |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to college=Initial\_Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bakery offers an apprenticeship to school leavers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apprenticeship:x5:1
# text = The bakery offers an apprenticeship to school leavers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bakery	bakery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	offers	offer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	apprenticeship	apprenticeship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	leavers	leaver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | present | the bakery | a apprenticeship |  |  |  | to school leavers *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent apprenticeship=Theme to leaver=Goal |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She finished her apprenticeship and became a qualified chef.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apprenticeship:x6:1
# text = She finished her apprenticeship and became a qualified chef.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	finished	finish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	apprenticeship	apprenticeship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	qualified	qualified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finish** | past | She | her apprenticeship |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector apprenticeship=Eventuality |
| 2 | **become** | past | She *not said here* | a qualified chef |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The second brother of course knew better how to build than poor Margaret, for he served an apprenticeship to learn it.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:apprenticeship:x7:1
# text = The second brother of course knew better how to build than poor Margaret, for he served an apprenticeship to learn it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	better	well	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
11	than	than	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Margaret	Margaret	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	served	serve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	apprenticeship	apprenticeship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | the second brother of course |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **build** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | than poor Margaret | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **serve** | past | brother | a apprenticeship |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apprenticeship=Attribute |
| 4 | **learn** | to-infinitive | brother *not said here* | apprenticeship |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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