---
title: appropriation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «appropriation» in the school dictionary: Taking something for yourself, often without permission or without the right to. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/appropriation/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/) / appropriation

# appropriation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** appropriation, council, People, costume, Congress, museum · **What happens:** take, set, use, anger, make, accuse · **To what, where:** something, Money, parts, farmers, appropriation, treasurer

<!-- .vabout -->
«appropriation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [appropriation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/appropriation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taking something for yourself, often without permission or without the right to.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appropriation:m1:1
# text = Taking something for yourself, often without permission or without the right to.
1	Taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  | for yourself; without permission without the right | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent something=Theme for yourself=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money, law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Money that is officially set aside for a particular use, like a government budget.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appropriation:m2:1
# text = Money that is officially set aside for a particular use, like a government budget.
1	Money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	officially	officially	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl:relcl	_	_
6	aside	aside	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	budget	budget	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | present · passive |  | Money |  |  |  | for a particular use; aside, officially *property* | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Patient for use=Beneficiary |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Using parts of someone else's culture, art or ideas as your own, sometimes without respect (cultural appropriation).

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appropriation:m3:1
# text = Using parts of someone else's culture, art or ideas as your own, sometimes without respect (cultural appropriation).
1	Using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod:poss	_	_
5	else	else	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
7	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	18	advmod	_	_
17	without	without	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	cultural	cultural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	appropriation	appropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  | parts of someone's culture and art or ideas |  |  |  | as your own; without respect | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent part=Duration as own=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The appropriation of the land angered the farmers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appropriation:x1:1
# text = The appropriation of the land angered the farmers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	appropriation	appropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	angered	anger	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **anger** | past | the appropriation of the land | the farmers |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus farmer=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The council made an appropriation for a new playground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appropriation:x2:1
# text = The council made an appropriation for a new playground.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	appropriation	appropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the council | a appropriation |  |  |  | for a new playground | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent appropriation=Product for playground=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The treasurer was accused of the appropriation of club money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appropriation:x3:1
# text = The treasurer was accused of the appropriation of club money.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	treasurer	treasurer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	appropriation	appropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | past · passive |  | the treasurer |  |  |  | of the appropriation of club money | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme of appropriation=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People discussed whether the costume was cultural appropriation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appropriation:x4:1
# text = People discussed whether the costume was cultural appropriation.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	discussed	discuss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	costume	costume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	cultural	cultural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	appropriation	appropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discuss** *speech: other* | past | People |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the costume | cultural appropriation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Congress approved the appropriation for schools.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appropriation:x5:1
# text = Congress approved the appropriation for schools.
1	Congress	Congress	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	approved	approve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	appropriation	appropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **approve** | past | Congress | the appropriation |  |  |  | for schools | vn allow-64.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent appropriation=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum talked about the appropriation of other people's treasures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appropriation:x6:1
# text = The museum talked about the appropriation of other people's treasures.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	talked	talk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	appropriation	appropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	treasures	treasure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | past | the museum |  |  |  |  | about the appropriation of other people's treasures | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about appropriation=Topic |
| 2 | **treasure** |  | other people |  |  |  |  |  | nom treasure «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An appropriation is money saved for one job only.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:appropriation:x7:1
# text = An appropriation is money saved for one job only.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	appropriation	appropriation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	saved	save	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a appropriation | money |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **save** | participle |  | money *not said here* |  |  |  | for one job | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent for job=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [appropriately](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/appropriately/)
- next →: [approval](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/approval/)
- ↑ back to [A in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/)