---
title: aqueduct — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «aqueduct» in the school dictionary: An aqueduct is a bridge that carries water, either a channel of water or a canal, across a valley or river. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# aqueduct

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** aqueduct, bridge, made channel, Romans, Water, We · **What happens:** be, carry, channel, make, build, bring · **To what, where:** bridge, water, made channel, city, aqueduct, rows

<!-- .vabout -->
«aqueduct» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [aqueduct in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/aqueduct.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An aqueduct is a bridge that carries water, either a channel of water or a canal, across a valley or river.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aqueduct:m1:1
# text = An aqueduct is a bridge that carries water, either a channel of water or a canal, across a valley or river.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	aqueduct	aqueduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc:preconj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	channel	channel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	canal	canal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	across	across	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a aqueduct | a bridge either a channel of water or a canal and a valley or river |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | present | a bridge either a channel of water or a canal and a valley or river | water |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
| 3 | **channel** |  |  | water |  |  |  |  | nom channel «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An aqueduct is any man-made channel or pipe that carries water a long way, for example to a city.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aqueduct:m2:1
# text = An aqueduct is any man-made channel or pipe that carries water a long way, for example to a city.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	aqueduct	aqueduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	channel	channel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	pipe	pipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a aqueduct | any made channel or pipe |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **carry** | present | any made channel or pipe | water |  | a city |  | for example; a long way *obl:unmarked* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme to city=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Romans built an aqueduct to bring water to the city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aqueduct:x1:1
# text = The Romans built an aqueduct to bring water to the city.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	aqueduct	aqueduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | the Romans | a aqueduct |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aqueduct=Product |
| 2 | **bring** | to-infinitive | the Romans *not said here* | water |  | the city |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme to city=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The aqueduct had rows of tall stone arches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aqueduct:x2:1
# text = The aqueduct had rows of tall stone arches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	aqueduct	aqueduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	arches	arch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the aqueduct | rows of tall stone arches |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent row=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water flowed slowly downhill along the aqueduct.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aqueduct:x3:1
# text = Water flowed slowly downhill along the aqueduct.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flowed	flow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	downhill	downhill	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	aqueduct	aqueduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | past | Water |  |  | the aqueduct |  | downhill, slowly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along aqueduct=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We crossed the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct on a narrowboat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aqueduct:x4:1
# text = We crossed the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct on a narrowboat.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Pontcysyllte	Pontcysyllte	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Aqueduct	aqueduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	narrowboat	narrowboat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past | We | the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct |  | a narrowboat |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aqueduct=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some aqueducts were over 50 kilometres long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aqueduct:x5:1
# text = Some aqueducts were over 50 kilometres long.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	aqueducts	aqueduct	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	over	over	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | some aqueducts |  |  |  |  | 50 kilometres *obl:unmarked*; long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old aqueduct still stands in Segovia, Spain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aqueduct:x6:1
# text = The old aqueduct still stands in Segovia, Spain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	aqueduct	aqueduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Segovia	Segovia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | the old aqueduct |  |  | Segovia  Spain | still |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in segovia=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An aqueduct carries water; a viaduct carries a road or railway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:aqueduct:x7:1
# text = An aqueduct carries water; a viaduct carries a road or railway.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	aqueduct	aqueduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	viaduct	viaduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	railway	railway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | a aqueduct | water |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
| 2 | **carry** | present | a viaduct | a road or railway |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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