---
title: arch — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «arch» in the school dictionary: An arch is a curved shape or structure, like the top of a doorway or a bridge, that goes up and over. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# arch

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** arch, that, cat, We, bridge, rainbow · **What happens:** be, go up, curve, arch, mean, bend · **To what, where:** curved shape, curved part, back, chief, old stone arch, three big arches · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«arch» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [arch in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/arch.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An arch is a curved shape or structure, like the top of a doorway or a bridge, that goes up and over.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arch:m1:1
# text = An arch is a curved shape or structure, like the top of a doorway or a bridge, that goes up and over.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	arch	arch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	curved	curved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	structure	structure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	doorway	doorway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
22	up	up	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	over	over	ADV	RB	_	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a arch | a curved shape or structure and the top of a doorway or a bridge |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go up** | present | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The arch of your foot is the curved part underneath between heel and toes.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arch:m2:1
# text = The arch of your foot is the curved part underneath between heel and toes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	arch	arch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	underneath	underneath	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	heel	heel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the arch of your foot | the curved part |  |  |  | between heel and toes; underneath *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To arch means to bend into a curved shape, like a cat arching its back.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arch:m3:1
# text = To arch means to bend into a curved shape, like a cat arching its back.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	arch	arch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	curved	curved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
14	arching	arch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arch** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **bend** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a curved shape |  | like a cat | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material into shape=Product |
| 4 | **arch** | gerund | a cat *not said here* | cat's back |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent back=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arch- at the start of a word means chief or main, as in archenemy.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arch:m4:1
# text = Arch- at the start of a word means chief or main, as in archenemy.
1	Arch	arch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
10	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	archenemy	archenemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  | chief and archenemy |  |  |  | of a word | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chief=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We walked under the old stone arch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arch:x1:1
# text = We walked under the old stone arch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	arch	arch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | We |  |  | the old stone arch |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under arch=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bridge has three big arches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arch:x2:1
# text = The bridge has three big arches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	arches	arch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the bridge | three big arches |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arch=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat arched its back and hissed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arch:x3:1
# text = The cat arched its back and hissed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	arched	arch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hissed	hiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arch** | past | the cat | cat's back |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent back=Patient |
| 2 | **hiss** | past | the cat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rainbow made an arch across the sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arch:x4:1
# text = A rainbow made an arch across the sky.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	arch	arch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle | a rainbow *not said here* | a arch |  | the sky |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset arch=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ballet teacher told us to point our toes and lift the arch of our foot.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arch:x5:1
# text = The ballet teacher told us to point our toes and lift the arch of our foot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ballet	ballet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	point	point	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	lift	lift	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	arch	arch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the ballet teacher |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **point** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the ballet teacher *not said here* | our toes |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toe=Patient |
| 3 | **lift** | present | the ballet teacher *not said here* | the arch of our foot |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arch=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Romans were very good at building arches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arch:x6:1
# text = The Romans were very good at building arches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	arches	arch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the Romans |  |  | building arches |  | good *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flat feet have a low arch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arch:x7:1
# text = Flat feet have a low arch.
1	Flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	arch	arch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Flat feet | a low arch |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arch=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Batman's archenemy is the Joker.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arch:x8:1
# text = Batman's archenemy is the Joker.
1	Batman	Batman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	archenemy	archenemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Joker	Joker	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Batman's archenemy | the Joker |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tin soldier could already see daylight shining where the arch ended.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arch:x9:1
# text = The tin soldier could already see daylight shining where the arch ended.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	already	already	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	daylight	daylight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	12	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	arch	arch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could | the tin soldier | daylight |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer daylight=Stimulus |
| 2 | **shine** | gerund | daylight *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **end** | past | the arch |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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