---
title: archaeopteryx — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «archaeopteryx» in the school dictionary: Archaeopteryx was a small animal that lived about 150 million years ago and had features of both dinosaurs and birds: feathers and wings, but also teeth, claws and a long bony tail. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# archaeopteryx

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Archaeopteryx, small animal, museum, birds, Scientists · **What happens:** be, live, have, feature, find, help · **To what, where:** small animal, features, dinosaurs, feathers, first Archaeopteryx fossil, Germany · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«archaeopteryx» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [archaeopteryx in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/archaeopteryx.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Archaeopteryx was a small animal that lived about 150 million years ago and had features of both dinosaurs and birds: feathers and wings, but also teeth, claws and a long bony tail.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:archaeopteryx:m1:1
# text = Archaeopteryx was a small animal that lived about 150 million years ago and had features of both dinosaurs and birds: feathers and wings, but also teeth, claws and a long bony tail.
1	Archaeopteryx	Archaeopteryx	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	about	about	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	150	150	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	compound	_	_
10	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
15	features	feature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	det	_	_
18	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
22	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	also	also	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	claws	claw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
33	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
34	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Archaeopteryx | a small animal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | past | a small animal |  |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | past | a small animal *not said here* | features of both dinosaurs and birds |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feature=Patient |
| 4 | **feature** |  |  | both dinosaurs and birds |  |  |  |  | nom feature «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Archaeopteryx had feathers like a bird and teeth like a dinosaur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:archaeopteryx:x1:1
# text = Archaeopteryx had feathers like a bird and teeth like a dinosaur.
1	Archaeopteryx	Archaeopteryx	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Archaeopteryx | feathers |  |  |  | like a bird and teeth like a dinosaur | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first Archaeopteryx fossil was found in Germany.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:archaeopteryx:x2:1
# text = The first Archaeopteryx fossil was found in Germany.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
3	Archaeopteryx	Archaeopteryx	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | the first Archaeopteryx fossil |  | Germany |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Archaeopteryx was about the size of a magpie.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:archaeopteryx:x3:1
# text = Archaeopteryx was about the size of a magpie.
1	Archaeopteryx	Archaeopteryx	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	magpie	magpie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Archaeopteryx | the size |  |  |  | of a magpie; about *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our museum has a cast of an Archaeopteryx fossil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:archaeopteryx:x4:1
# text = Our museum has a cast of an Archaeopteryx fossil.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cast	cast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Archaeopteryx	Archaeopteryx	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our museum | a cast of a Archaeopteryx fossil |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cast=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Archaeopteryx helps show that birds came from dinosaurs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:archaeopteryx:x5:1
# text = Archaeopteryx helps show that birds came from dinosaurs.
1	Archaeopteryx	Archaeopteryx	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Archaeopteryx |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **show** | infinitive | Archaeopteryx *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **come** | past | birds |  |  |  |  | from dinosaurs | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from dinosaur=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Could Archaeopteryx really fly? Scientists still argue about it.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Could Archaeopteryx really fly?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:archaeopteryx:x6:1
# text = Could Archaeopteryx really fly?
1	Could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
2	Archaeopteryx	Archaeopteryx	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	really	really	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | could | Archaeopteryx |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Scientists still argue about it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:archaeopteryx:x6:2
# text = Scientists still argue about it.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	still	still	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	argue	argue	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | Scientists |  |  |  | still | about it | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent about it=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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