--- title: archduke — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics description: «archduke» in the school dictionary: A very important prince in the old royal family of Austria. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/archduke/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [A](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/) / archduke # archduke **Who acts:** death, His, archduke, archdukes · **What happens:** kill, help, start, die, be, ride · **To what, where:** Archduke, 1914, First World War, open car, wife, Austria «archduke» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [archduke in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/archduke.md). ## Meaning 1 {#m1} A very important prince in the old royal family of Austria. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:school:archduke:m1:1 # text = A very important prince in the old royal family of Austria. 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 2 very very ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 important important ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 prince prince NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 7 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 8 royal royal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 family family NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 Austria Austria PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 12 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ## Example 1 {#x1} Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in 1914. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:school:archduke:x1:1 # text = Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in 1914. 1 Archduke Archduke PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 Franz Franz PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 flat _ _ 3 Ferdinand Ferdinand PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 1914 1914 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **kill** | past · passive | | Archduke and Franz Ferdinand | | 1914 | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ## Example 2 {#x2} His death helped start the First World War. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:school:archduke:x2:1 # text = His death helped start the First World War. 1 His his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 death death NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 start start VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 6 First first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 8 amod _ _ 7 World World PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 War War PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 9 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **help** | past | His death | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **start** | infinitive | His death *not said here* | the First World War | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Eventuality | | 3 | **die** | | His *= he* | | | | | | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent | ## Example 3 {#x3} An archduke is higher than a duke. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:school:archduke:x3:1 # text = An archduke is higher than a duke. 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 archduke archduke NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 higher high ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 5 than than ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 duke duke NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | a archduke | | | | | than a duke; high *property* | tree rules | ## Example 4 {#x4} The archduke rode in an open car. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:school:archduke:x4:1 # text = The archduke rode in an open car. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 archduke archduke NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 rode ride VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 open open ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 car car NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ride** | past | the archduke | | | a open car | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ## Example 5 {#x5} The archduke's wife was also killed. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:school:archduke:x5:1 # text = The archduke's wife was also killed. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 archduke archduke NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 wife wife NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj:pass _ _ 5 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux:pass _ _ 6 also also ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 8 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **kill** | past · passive | | the archduke's wife | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ## Example 6 {#x6} Austria was ruled by archdukes and emperors. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:school:archduke:x6:1 # text = Austria was ruled by archdukes and emperors. 1 Austria Austria PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 ruled rule VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 archdukes archduke NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 emperors emperor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 8 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rule** | past · passive | archdukes and emperors | Austria | | | | | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result | **Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [archbishop](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/archbishop/) - next →: [archer](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/archer/) - ↑ back to [A in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/)