---
title: arctic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «arctic» in the school dictionary: The Arctic is the very cold area around the North Pole, including the Arctic Ocean and the northern parts of Canada, Alaska (USA), Greenland, Norway, Russia and other lands. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# arctic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Arctic, Polar bears, Arctic fox, Arctic summer days, It, Arctic tern · **What happens:** be, mean, live, cover, turn, have · **To what, where:** cold area, North Pole, Arctic, Arctic Ocean, sunlight, coat

<!-- .vabout -->
«arctic» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [arctic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/arctic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Arctic is the very cold area around the North Pole, including the Arctic Ocean and the northern parts of Canada, Alaska (USA), Greenland, Norway, Russia and other lands.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arctic:m1:1
# text = The Arctic is the very cold area around the North Pole, including the Arctic Ocean and the northern parts of Canada, Alaska (USA), Greenland, Norway, Russia and other lands.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	around	around	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Pole	Pole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	including	including	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	Alaska	Alaska	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
25	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	Greenland	Greenland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	Norway	Norway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Arctic | the cold area |  | the North Pole |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arctic (adjective) means from or about the Arctic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arctic:m2:1
# text = Arctic (adjective) means from or about the Arctic.
1	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Arctic |  |  | the Arctic |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arctic (informal) means extremely cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arctic:m3:1
# text = Arctic (informal) means extremely cold.
1	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	extremely	extremely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Arctic |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polar bears live in the Arctic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arctic:x1:1
# text = Polar bears live in the Arctic.
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Polar bears |  |  | the Arctic |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in arctic=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Arctic Ocean is covered in ice for much of the year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arctic:x2:1
# text = The Arctic Ocean is covered in ice for much of the year.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | the Arctic Ocean |  |  |  | for much of the year; in ice | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in ice=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Arctic fox turns white in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arctic:x3:1
# text = The Arctic fox turns white in winter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | the Arctic fox |  |  |  | winter | white *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some Arctic summer days have sunlight at midnight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arctic:x4:1
# text = Some Arctic summer days have sunlight at midnight.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
2	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some Arctic summer days | sunlight |  |  | midnight |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's arctic outside — wear your coat!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arctic:x5:1
# text = It's arctic outside — wear your coat!
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	arctic	arctic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | arctic, outside *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **wear** | infinitive |  | your coat |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coat=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Arctic tern flies from the Arctic to the Antarctic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arctic:x6:1
# text = The Arctic tern flies from the Arctic to the Antarctic.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tern	tern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	flies	fly	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Antarctic	Antarctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | the Arctic tern |  | the Antarctic | the Arctic |  |  | vn drive-11.5-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent from arctic=Initial\_Location to antarctic=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For they saw at once that it was the great white Arctic moth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arctic:x7:1
# text = For they saw at once that it was the great white Arctic moth.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	obl	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
11	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	moth	moth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | past | it | the great white Arctic moth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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