---
title: arid — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «arid» in the school dictionary: Arid land or weather is very dry, with very little rain, so few plants can grow. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# arid

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Arid land, few plants, Something, Much, Cactuses, lecture · **What happens:** be, grow, suit, farm, water, crack · **To what, where:** camel, land, arid climates, arid soil, heat, more rain

<!-- .vabout -->
«arid» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [arid in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/arid.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arid land or weather is very dry, with very little rain, so few plants can grow.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arid:m1:1
# text = Arid land or weather is very dry, with very little rain, so few plants can grow.
1	Arid	arid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
15	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Arid land or weather |  |  |  |  | with little rain; dry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | can | few plants |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something arid can be dull and boring, with no life or interest in it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arid:m2:1
# text = Something arid can be dull and boring, with no life or interest in it.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
2	arid	arid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	boring	boring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | Something |  |  |  |  | dull *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The camel is well suited to arid deserts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arid:x1:1
# text = The camel is well suited to arid deserts.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	camel	camel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
5	suited	suit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	arid	arid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	deserts	desert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suit** | present · passive |  | the camel |  |  |  | to arid deserts; well *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Much of central Australia is hot and arid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arid:x2:1
# text = Much of central Australia is hot and arid.
1	Much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	arid	arid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Much of central Australia |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Much of central Australia *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arid land is hard to farm without watering it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arid:x3:1
# text = Arid land is hard to farm without watering it.
1	Arid	arid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	farm	farm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	watering	water	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Arid land |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **farm** | to-infinitive | Arid land *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **water** | gerund | Arid land *not said here* | land |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cactuses grow well in arid climates.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arid:x4:1
# text = Cactuses grow well in arid climates.
1	Cactuses	cactuse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	arid	arid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	climates	climate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Cactuses |  |  | arid climates |  | well *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in climate=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The arid soil cracked in the heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arid:x5:1
# text = The arid soil cracked in the heat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	arid	arid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	cracked	crack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crack** | participle |  | the arid soil *not said here* |  | the heat |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in heat=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lecture was so arid that half the class fell asleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arid:x6:1
# text = The lecture was so arid that half the class fell asleep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lecture	lecture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	arid	arid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
11	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the lecture |  |  |  |  | arid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall** | past | half class |  |  |  |  | asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A semi-arid area gets a little more rain than a desert.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arid:x7:1
# text = A semi-arid area gets a little more rain than a desert.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	semi-arid	semi-arid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | a semi-arid area | more rain |  |  |  | than a desert | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rain=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From the soft rain and green turf of Gaeldom, we seek the garish sun and arid soil of the Hindoo.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arid:x8:1
# text = From the soft rain and green turf of Gaeldom, we seek the garish sun and arid soil of the Hindoo.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	turf	turf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Gaeldom	Gaeldom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
11	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	seek	seek	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	garish	garish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	arid	arid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Hindoo	Hindoo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seek** | present | we | the garish sun and arid soil of the Hindoo |  | the soft rain and green turf of Gaeldom |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Theme |
| 2 | **soil** |  |  | the Hindoo |  |  |  |  | nom soil «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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