---
title: ark — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ark» in the school dictionary: Noah's ark was the huge wooden boat Noah built to save his family and two of every kind of animal from the great flood. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ark

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ark, Noah, covered wooden box, animals, little brother, jokes · **What happens:** be, build, save, cover, hold, keep · **To what, where:** huge wooden boat, family, great flood, covered wooden box, stone tablets, cupboard

<!-- .vabout -->
«ark» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ark in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ark.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Noah's ark was the huge wooden boat Noah built to save his family and two of every kind of animal from the great flood.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ark:m1:1
# text = Noah's ark was the huge wooden boat Noah built to save his family and two of every kind of animal from the great flood.
1	Noah	Noah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	Noah	Noah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	det	_	_
19	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Noah's ark | the huge wooden boat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **build** | past | Noah | the huge wooden boat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boat=Product |
| 3 | **save** | to-infinitive | Noah *not said here* | Noah's family |  | the great flood |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent family=Theme from flood=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Ark of the Covenant was a gold-covered wooden box that held the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ark:m2:1
# text = The Ark of the Covenant was a gold-covered wooden box that held the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Ark	Ark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Covenant	Covenant	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
8	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
11	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	tablets	tablet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	Ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	Commandments	commandment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the Ark of the Covenant | a covered wooden box |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hold** | past | a covered wooden box | the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tablet=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Judaism — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ark (Holy Ark) is the cupboard in a synagogue where the Torah scrolls are kept.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ark:m3:1
# text = The ark (Holy Ark) is the cupboard in a synagogue where the Torah scrolls are kept.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Ark	Ark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cupboard	cupboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	synagogue	synagogue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	scrolls	scroll	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the ark | the cupboard |  | a synagogue |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | present · passive |  | the Torah scrolls |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some old southern stories, an ark is a large wooden box or chest for keeping things in.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ark:m4:1
# text = In some old southern stories, an ark is a large wooden box or chest for keeping things in.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
18	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ark | a large wooden box or chest |  | some old southern stories |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep in** | gerund | a ark *not said here* | things |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Noah built the ark out of wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ark:x1:1
# text = Noah built the ark out of wood.
1	Noah	Noah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | Noah | the ark |  | wood |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ark=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The animals went into the ark two by two.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ark:x2:1
# text = The animals went into the ark two by two.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	flat	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the animals |  |  | the ark |  | by two | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into ark=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ark floated for many days on the flood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ark:x3:1
# text = The ark floated for many days on the flood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	floated	float	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | past | the ark |  |  | the flood | day |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on flood=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother has a wooden ark with pairs of animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ark:x4:1
# text = My little brother has a wooden ark with pairs of animals.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	pairs	pair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My little brother | a wooden ark |  |  |  | with pairs of animals | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ark=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Ark of the Covenant held the Ten Commandments.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ark:x5:1
# text = The Ark of the Covenant held the Ten Commandments.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Ark	Ark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Covenant	Covenant	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	Commandments	commandment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | the Ark of the Covenant | the Ten Commandments |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent commandment=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Torah scrolls are kept in the ark at the synagogue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ark:x6:1
# text = The Torah scrolls are kept in the ark at the synagogue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	scrolls	scroll	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	synagogue	synagogue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present · passive |  | the Torah scrolls |  | the ark |  | at the synagogue | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in ark=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad's jokes are so old they came out of the ark!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ark:x7:1
# text = Dad's jokes are so old they came out of the ark!
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	jokes	joke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ark	ark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Dad's jokes |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come out** | past | jokes *= joke* | the ark |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient ark=Result |
| 3 | **joke** |  | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | nom joke «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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