---
title: armour — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «armour» in the school dictionary: Armour is a strong covering of metal or leather that soldiers and knights wore in the past to protect their bodies in battle. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# armour

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Armour, soldiers, strong metal, scales, knight, armadillo · **What happens:** be, wear, protect, cover, roll up, make · **To what, where:** strong covering, past, bodies, battle, strong metal, vehicles

<!-- .vabout -->
«armour» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [armour in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/armour.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Armour is a strong covering of metal or leather that soldiers and knights wore in the past to protect their bodies in battle.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:armour:m1:1
# text = Armour is a strong covering of metal or leather that soldiers and knights wore in the past to protect their bodies in battle.
1	Armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Armour | a strong covering |  |  |  | of metal or leather | tree rules |
| 2 | **wear** | past | soldiers and knights |  |  | the past |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **protect** | to-infinitive | soldiers and knights *not said here* | soldiers's bodies |  | battle |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Armour is also strong metal covering on vehicles such as tanks or ships.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:armour:m2:1
# text = Armour is also strong metal covering on vehicles such as tanks or ships.
1	Armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	covering	cover	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	tanks	tank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Armour | strong metal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | gerund | strong metal *not said here* |  |  | vehicles such tanks or ships |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In nature, armour is a hard shell or scales that protect an animal.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:armour:m3:1
# text = In nature, armour is a hard shell or scales that protect an animal.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | armour | a hard shell or scales |  | nature |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **protect** | present | scales |  | a animal |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight wore a heavy suit of armour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:armour:x1:1
# text = The knight wore a heavy suit of armour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	suit	suit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the knight | a heavy suit of armour |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent suit=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An armadillo rolls up in its armour when it is scared.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:armour:x2:1
# text = An armadillo rolls up in its armour when it is scared.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	armadillo	armadillo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rolls	roll	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll up** | present | a armadillo |  |  | armadillo's armour |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in armour=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is** | present | armadillo |  |  |  |  | scared *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Armour made it hard for knights to move quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:armour:x3:1
# text = Armour made it hard for knights to move quickly.
1	Armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Armour | it |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 2 | **move** | to-infinitive | knights |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tortoise's shell is its armour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:armour:x4:1
# text = The tortoise's shell is its armour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the tortoise's shell | shell's armour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tanks are covered in thick armour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:armour:x5:1
# text = Tanks are covered in thick armour.
1	Tanks	tank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | Tanks |  |  |  | in thick armour | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in armour=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw old armour in the castle museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:armour:x6:1
# text = We saw old armour in the castle museum.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | old armour |  | the castle museum |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer armour=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was dressed in full armour, and she challenged Art to fight with her.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:armour:x7:1
# text = She was dressed in full armour, and she challenged Art to fight with her.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	challenged	challenge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	Art	Art	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dress** | past · passive |  | She |  | full armour |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **challenge** | past | she | Art |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fight** | to-infinitive | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with Art | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with she=Co-Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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