---
title: arousal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «arousal» in the school dictionary: Arousal is the state of being awake, alert or excited, when the body and mind are ready for action. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# arousal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Arousal, body, heart, Grown ups, sense, Fear · **What happens:** be, beat, grow, use, not be, cause · **To what, where:** state, active example, it, sense, arousal, sleeper

<!-- .vabout -->
«arousal» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [arousal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/arousal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arousal is the state of being awake, alert or excited, when the body and mind are ready for action.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arousal:m1:1
# text = Arousal is the state of being awake, alert or excited, when the body and mind are ready for action.
1	Arousal	Arousal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	alert	alert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	excited	excited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Arousal | the state |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | awake *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** *speech: other* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | present | the body and mind |  |  |  |  | for action; ready *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arousal is when the brain and body become active, for example when the heart beats faster with fear or excitement.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arousal:m2:1
# text = Arousal is when the brain and body become active, for example when the heart beats faster with fear or excitement.
1	Arousal	Arousal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	become	become	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	_
13	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	16	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	beats	beat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
17	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	16	advmod	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	excitement	excitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Arousal | active example |  |  |  | become *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **beat** | present | the heart |  |  |  |  | with fear or excitement; fast *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with fear=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adult — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grown-ups also use it in a sense that is not for school.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arousal:m3:1
# text = Grown-ups also use it in a sense that is not for school.
1	Grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	ups	up	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | present | Grown ups | it |  | a sense |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | a sense |  |  |  |  | for school | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fear causes arousal: your heart beats faster and you breathe quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arousal:x1:1
# text = Fear causes arousal: your heart beats faster and you breathe quickly.
1	Fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	arousal	arousal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	beats	beat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | Fear | arousal |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition arousal=Patient |
| 2 | **beat** | present | your heart |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **breathe** | present | you |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Loud noise woke the sleeper into arousal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arousal:x2:1
# text = Loud noise woke the sleeper into arousal.
1	Loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	woke	wake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sleeper	sleeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	arousal	arousal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wake** | past | Loud noise | the sleeper |  | arousal |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sleeper=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Athletes try to control their arousal before a race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arousal:x3:1
# text = Athletes try to control their arousal before a race.
1	Athletes	athlete	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	try	try	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	control	control	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	arousal	arousal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | present | Athletes |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **control** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Athletes *not said here* | Athletes's arousal |  |  | before a race |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arousal=Theme |
| 3 | **arouse** |  | Athletes *= athlete* |  |  |  |  |  | nom arousal «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much arousal can make a player nervous and clumsy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arousal:x4:1
# text = Too much arousal can make a player nervous and clumsy.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	arousal	arousal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	nervous	nervous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	clumsy	clumsy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | much arousal | a player |  |  |  | nervous *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset player=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coffee increases arousal and keeps people awake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arousal:x5:1
# text = Coffee increases arousal and keeps people awake.
1	Coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	increases	increase	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	arousal	arousal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | present | Coffee | arousal |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer arousal=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | present | Coffee *not said here* | people |  |  |  | awake *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists measured the animals' arousal by their heart rate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arousal:x6:1
# text = Scientists measured the animals' arousal by their heart rate.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	measured	measure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	arousal	arousal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | past | Scientists | the animals's arousal |  |  |  | by Scientists's heart rate | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme arousal=Value |
| 2 | **arouse** |  | the animals |  |  |  |  |  | nom arousal «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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