---
title: artefact — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «artefact» in the school dictionary: An object made by people long ago, such as a tool, pot or jewel, that tells us about the past. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# artefact

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** object, museum, We, broken pot, group, blur · **What happens:** make, tell, cause, have, handle, break · **To what, where:** object, us, picture, artefacts, ancient Egypt, Viking artefacts · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«artefact» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [artefact in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/artefact.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An object made by people long ago, such as a tool, pot or jewel, that tells us about the past.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artefact:m1:1
# text = An object made by people long ago, such as a tool, pot or jewel, that tells us about the past.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
6	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
7	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	jewel	jewel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	iobj	_	_
21	about	about	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a object and a tool *not said here* |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a object and a tool |  | us |  |  | about the past | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent we=Recipient about past=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any object made by people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artefact:m2:1
# text = Any object made by people.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | any object *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science, computing — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mistake or strange mark in a picture or result caused by the method or machine, not by the real thing.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artefact:m3:1
# text = A mistake or strange mark in a picture or result caused by the method or machine, not by the real thing.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	method	method	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | participle |  | a picture or result *not said here* |  |  |  | by the method or machine and the real thing | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum has artefacts from ancient Egypt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artefact:x1:1
# text = The museum has artefacts from ancient Egypt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	artefacts	artefact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the museum | artefacts |  | ancient Egypt |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent artefact=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We handled Viking artefacts in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artefact:x2:1
# text = We handled Viking artefacts in class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	handled	handle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Viking	viking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	artefacts	artefact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **handle** | past | We | Viking artefacts |  | class |  |  | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent artefact=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A broken pot is a useful artefact for historians.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artefact:x3:1
# text = A broken pot is a useful artefact for historians.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	artefact	artefact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	historians	historian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a broken pot | a useful artefact |  |  |  | for historians | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each group described one artefact.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artefact:x4:1
# text = Each group described one artefact.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	described	describe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	artefact	artefact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | past | each group | one artefact |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent artefact=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The blur in the photo was an artefact of the camera.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artefact:x5:1
# text = The blur in the photo was an artefact of the camera.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	blur	blur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	artefact	artefact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the blur in the photo | a artefact |  |  |  | of the camera | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Artefacts must be handled with gloves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artefact:x6:1
# text = Artefacts must be handled with gloves.
1	Artefacts	artefact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	handled	handle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	gloves	glove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **handle** | must · passive |  | Artefacts |  |  |  | with gloves | vn confront-98 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Theme with glove=Instrument |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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