---
title: arthritis — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «arthritis» in the school dictionary: Arthritis is an illness that makes the joints, the places where bones meet like knees, hips and fingers, swollen, stiff and painful. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# arthritis

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Arthritis, illness, bones, Grandma, People, buttons · **What happens:** be, make, meet, have, find, do up · **To what, where:** illness, joints, places, arthritis, hands, knees

<!-- .vabout -->
«arthritis» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [arthritis in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/arthritis.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arthritis is an illness that makes the joints, the places where bones meet like knees, hips and fingers, swollen, stiff and painful.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arthritis:m1:1
# text = Arthritis is an illness that makes the joints, the places where bones meet like knees, hips and fingers, swollen, stiff and painful.
1	Arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
13	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	hips	hip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	swollen	swollen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Arthritis | a illness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | a illness | the joints |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset joint=Product |
| 3 | **meet** | present | bones | the places |  |  |  | like knees and hips and fingers | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma has arthritis in her hands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arthritis:x1:1
# text = Grandma has arthritis in her hands.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Grandma | arthritis |  | Grandma's hands |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arthritis=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arthritis makes his knees stiff in the morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arthritis:x2:1
# text = Arthritis makes his knees stiff in the morning.
1	Arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Arthritis | Arthritis's knees |  |  |  | stiff *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset knee=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People with arthritis may find buttons hard to do up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arthritis:x3:1
# text = People with arthritis may find buttons hard to do up.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | may | People with arthritis | buttons |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Topic |
| 2 | **do up** | to-infinitive | buttons *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I opened the jar for Grandpa because of his arthritis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arthritis:x4:1
# text = I opened the jar for Grandpa because of his arthritis.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | I | the jar |  |  |  | for Grandpa; because Grandpa's arthritis | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location jar=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arthritis affects the joints.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arthritis:x5:1
# text = Arthritis affects the joints.
1	Arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	affects	affect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | present | Arthritis | the joints |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus joint=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gentle swimming helps her arthritis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arthritis:x6:1
# text = Gentle swimming helps her arthritis.
1	Gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Gentle swimming | swimming's arthritis |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arthritis=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some children have a kind of arthritis too.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arthritis:x7:1
# text = Some children have a kind of arthritis too.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some children | a kind of arthritis |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cold, damp weather makes his arthritis worse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:arthritis:x8:1
# text = Cold, damp weather makes his arthritis worse.
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Cold damp weather | weather's arthritis |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset arthritis=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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