---
title: article — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «article» in the school dictionary: An article is a piece of writing in a newspaper, magazine or website. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# article

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** article, articles, I, We, you, your · **What happens:** be, article, read, write, call, use · **To what, where:** piece, single thing, clothing, words, grammar, one part · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«article» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [article in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/article.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An article is a piece of writing in a newspaper, magazine or website.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:article:m1:1
# text = An article is a piece of writing in a newspaper, magazine or website.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	magazine	magazine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a article | a piece |  |  |  | of writing in a newspaper | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An article is a single thing or object, especially one of a set, as in an article of clothing.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:article:m2:1
# text = An article is a single thing or object, especially one of a set, as in an article of clothing.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	clothing	clothing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a article | a single thing or object |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **article** |  |  | clothing |  |  |  |  | nom article «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In grammar, the articles are the words a, an and the.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:article:m3:1
# text = In grammar, the articles are the words a, an and the.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	grammar	grammar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	articles	article	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the articles | the words |  | grammar |  | an *nmod* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An article is one part of a law or rule list.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:article:m4:1
# text = An article is one part of a law or rule list.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a article | one part |  |  |  | of a law or rule list | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I read an article about sharks in the magazine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:article:x1:1
# text = I read an article about sharks in the magazine.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	magazine	magazine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | I | a article |  | the magazine |  | about sharks | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent article=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wrote a newspaper article about the school fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:article:x2:1
# text = We wrote a newspaper article about the school fair.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | We | a newspaper article |  |  |  | about the school fair | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent article=Recipient about fair=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A, an and the are called articles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:article:x3:1
# text = A, an and the are called articles.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	articles	article	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | an |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use an before a vowel sound: an apple.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:article:x4:1
# text = Use an before a vowel sound: an apple.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	1	obj	_	_
3	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | an |  |  | before a vowel sound | a apple *obl* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent a=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The is the definite article.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:article:x5:1
# text = The is the definite article.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	definite	definite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the definite article |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each article of clothing should have your name in it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:article:x6:1
# text = Each article of clothing should have your name in it.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	clothing	clothing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | should | each article of clothing | your name |  | name |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |
| 2 | **article** |  |  | clothing |  |  |  |  | nom article «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **name** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The article said the park will open next week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:article:x7:1
# text = The article said the park will open next week.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the article |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **open** | future | the park |  |  |  | week |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not every article on the internet tells the truth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:article:x8:1
# text = Not every article on the internet tells the truth.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	internet	internet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | every article on the internet | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each article was in keeping with its surroundings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:article:x9:1
# text = Each article was in keeping with its surroundings.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past · progressive | each article |  |  |  |  | with article's surroundings | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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