---
title: articulate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «articulate» in the school dictionary: An articulate person can express ideas clearly and well in words. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# articulate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, parts, She, you, audience, museum · **What happens:** be, express, articulate, move, try, shout · **To what, where:** person, ideas, words, sounds, articulate speaker, feelings · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«articulate» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [articulate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/articulate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An articulate person can express ideas clearly and well in words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulate:m1:1
# text = An articulate person can express ideas clearly and well in words.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	articulate	articulate	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	express	express	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **express** | can | a person | ideas |  | words |  | clearly *property* | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To articulate ideas or feelings is to express them clearly in words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulate:m2:1
# text = To articulate ideas or feelings is to express them clearly in words.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	articulate	articulate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	express	express	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  | ideas or feelings |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent idea=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | words |  | clearly, express *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To articulate sounds is to say them clearly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulate:m3:1
# text = To articulate sounds is to say them clearly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	articulate	articulate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  | sounds |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sound=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | clearly, say *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To articulate is to join with a joint so parts can move, like bones.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulate:m4:1
# text = To articulate is to join with a joint so parts can move, like bones.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	articulate	articulate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	join	join	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	joint	joint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with a joint; join *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **move** | can | parts |  |  |  |  | like bones | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is a very articulate speaker.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulate:x1:1
# text = She is a very articulate speaker.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	articulate	articulate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	compound	_	_
6	speaker	speaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | She | a articulate speaker |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Try to articulate your feelings instead of shouting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulate:x2:1
# text = Try to articulate your feelings instead of shouting.
1	Try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	articulate	articulate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	8	mark	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **articulate** *speech: other* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your feelings |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent feeling=Topic |
| 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Articulate each word so the audience can hear you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulate:x3:1
# text = Articulate each word so the audience can hear you.
1	Articulate	articulate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | each word |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 2 | **hear** | can | the audience | you |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum has an articulated dinosaur skeleton.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulate:x4:1
# text = The museum has an articulated dinosaur skeleton.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	articulated	articulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
6	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the museum | a articulated dinosaur skeleton |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skeleton=Patient |
| 2 | **articulate** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An articulated lorry bends in the middle when it turns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulate:x5:1
# text = An articulated lorry bends in the middle when it turns.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	articulated	articulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	lorry	lorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	bends	bend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bend** | present | a articulated lorry |  |  | the middle |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in middle=Location |
| 3 | **turn** | present | lorry |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The upper arm bone articulates with the shoulder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulate:x6:1
# text = The upper arm bone articulates with the shoulder.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	articulates	articulate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | present | the upper arm bone |  |  |  |  | with the shoulder | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was too upset to articulate what had happened.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulate:x7:1
# text = He was too upset to articulate what had happened.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	articulate	articulate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | upset *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **articulate** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **happen** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By and by, the rushing noise began to sound like articulate language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulate:x8:1
# text = By and by, the rushing noise began to sound like articulate language.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	rushing	rush	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
8	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	sound	sound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	articulate	articulate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rush** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **begin** | past |  |  |  |  |  | by the rushing noise | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **sound** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **articulate** *speech: other* | infinitive |  | language |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent language=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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