---
title: articulated — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «articulated» in the school dictionary: An articulated lorry, bus or vehicle has two or more parts joined by a bendy joint so it can turn corners. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# articulated

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** articulated lorry, joint, Articulated past form, you, lorry, museum · **What happens:** articulate, have, join, turn, mean, be · **To what, where:** two parts, corners, joints, Articulated past form, something, ideas · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«articulated» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [articulated in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/articulated.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An articulated lorry, bus or vehicle has two or more parts joined by a bendy joint so it can turn corners.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulated:m1:1
# text = An articulated lorry, bus or vehicle has two or more parts joined by a bendy joint so it can turn corners.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	articulated	articulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	lorry	lorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	conj	_	_
12	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
13	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	bendy	bendy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	joint	joint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
22	corners	corner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | a articulated lorry and bus or vehicle | two parts |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient |
| 3 | **join** | participle |  | two parts *not said here* |  |  |  | by a bendy joint | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **turn** | can | joint | corners |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme corner=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Articulated means having joints, like a skeleton or a toy figure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulated:m2:1
# text = Articulated means having joints, like a skeleton or a toy figure.
1	Articulated	articulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** *not said to happen* | gerund |  | joints |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Articulated is the past form of articulate: to say something clearly, or to express ideas clearly in words.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulated:m3:1
# text = Articulated is the past form of articulate: to say something clearly, or to express ideas clearly in words.
1	Articulated	articulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	articulate	articulate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	express	express	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
17	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
18	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the Articulated past form |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **articulate** *speech: other* | infinitive | the Articulated past form *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic |
| 5 | **express** | to-infinitive |  | ideas |  | words |  | clearly *property* | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An articulated lorry swung slowly round the roundabout.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulated:x1:1
# text = An articulated lorry swung slowly round the roundabout.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	articulated	articulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	lorry	lorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	round	round	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	roundabout	roundabout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **swing** | past | a articulated lorry |  |  | the roundabout |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme round roundabout=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never stand close to an articulated lorry when it turns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulated:x2:1
# text = Never stand close to an articulated lorry when it turns.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	stand	stand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	articulated	articulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	lorry	lorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **stand** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **articulate** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **turn** | present | lorry |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum has an articulated skeleton of a whale.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulated:x3:1
# text = The museum has an articulated skeleton of a whale.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	articulated	articulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	whale	whale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the museum | a articulated skeleton of a whale |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skeleton=Patient |
| 2 | **articulate** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The action figure has articulated arms and legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulated:x4:1
# text = The action figure has articulated arms and legs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	articulated	articulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the action figure | articulated arms and legs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |
| 2 | **articulate** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She articulated each word so the class could hear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulated:x5:1
# text = She articulated each word so the class could hear.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	articulated	articulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | past | She | each word |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 2 | **hear** | could | the class |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He articulated his reasons clearly in his speech.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulated:x6:1
# text = He articulated his reasons clearly in his speech.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	articulated	articulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	reasons	reason	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | past | He | his reasons |  | his speech |  | clearly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **speak** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom speech «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The articulated bus bends in the middle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:articulated:x7:1
# text = The articulated bus bends in the middle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	articulated	articulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	bends	bend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **articulate** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bend** | present | the articulated bus |  |  | the middle |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in middle=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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