---
title: artificial — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «artificial» in the school dictionary: Artificial means made by people, not natural. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# artificial

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Artificial, Artificial behaviour, Plastic, We, Artificial flowers, Artificial intelligence · **What happens:** mean, make, copy, not be, be, read · **To what, where:** copy, something, pitch, artificial material, water, computers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«artificial» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [artificial in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/artificial.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Artificial means made by people, not natural.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artificial:m1:1
# text = Artificial means made by people, not natural.
1	Artificial	Artificial	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Artificial |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Artificial means a copy of something natural: «artificial flowers».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artificial:m2:1
# text = Artificial means a copy of something natural: «artificial flowers».
1	Artificial	Artificial	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	_
7	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Artificial | a copy of something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **copy** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Artificial behaviour is not sincere; fake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artificial:m3:1
# text = Artificial behaviour is not sincere; fake.
1	Artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	sincere	sincere	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | Artificial behaviour |  |  |  |  | sincere *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Artificial behaviour *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pitch is made of artificial grass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artificial:x1:1
# text = The pitch is made of artificial grass.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the pitch |  |  |  | of artificial grass | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plastic is an artificial material.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artificial:x2:1
# text = Plastic is an artificial material.
1	Plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Plastic | a artificial material |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read by artificial light at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artificial:x3:1
# text = We read by artificial light at night.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present | We |  |  |  | night | by artificial light | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Artificial flowers never need water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artificial:x4:1
# text = Artificial flowers never need water.
1	Artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **need** | present | Artificial flowers | water |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot water=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Artificial intelligence helps computers understand speech.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artificial:x5:1
# text = Artificial intelligence helps computers understand speech.
1	Artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	computers	computer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Artificial intelligence | computers |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent computer=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **understand** | infinitive | computers *not said here* | speech |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer speech=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her smile looked artificial.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artificial:x6:1
# text = Her smile looked artificial.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | Her smile |  |  |  |  | artificial *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **smile** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This drink has no artificial colours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artificial:x7:1
# text = This drink has no artificial colours.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
5	artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | this drink | no artificial colours |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the artificial bird had to sing alone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:artificial:x8:1
# text = Then the artificial bird had to sing alone.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the artificial bird |  |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | the artificial bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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