---
title: ascender — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ascender» in the school dictionary: An ascender is the part of a lowercase letter that goes up above the middle of the line, as in b, d, f, h, k, l and t. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ascender

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ascender, lowercase letter, climbing tool, climber, thing, letters · **What happens:** be, go up, grip, have, make, clip · **To what, where:** part, middle, climbing tool, rope, ascender, person

<!-- .vabout -->
«ascender» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ascender in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ascender.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: handwriting, printing — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ascender is the part of a lowercase letter that goes up above the middle of the line, as in b, d, f, h, k, l and t.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ascender:m1:1
# text = An ascender is the part of a lowercase letter that goes up above the middle of the line, as in b, d, f, h, k, l and t.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ascender	ascender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	lowercase	lowercase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	up	up	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	above	above	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	b	B	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	d	D	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	f	f	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	h	H	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	k	k	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	l	l	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	t.	t.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ascender | the part and b and d and f and h and k and l and t. |  |  |  | of a lowercase letter | tree rules |
| 2 | **go up** | present | a lowercase letter |  |  | the middle of the line |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ascender is a climbing tool that grips a rope so a climber can go up it.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ascender:m2:1
# text = An ascender is a climbing tool that grips a rope so a climber can go up it.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ascender	ascender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	climbing	climbing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	grips	grip	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	climber	climber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
16	up	up	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ascender | a climbing tool |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grip** | present | a climbing tool | a rope |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rope=Experiencer |
| 3 | **go up** | can | a climber | ascender |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient it=Extent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ascender is a person or thing that goes up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ascender:m3:1
# text = An ascender is a person or thing that goes up.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ascender	ascender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ascender | a person or thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go up** | present | thing |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The letters b, d and h have ascenders.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ascender:x1:1
# text = The letters b, d and h have ascenders.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	b	B	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	d	D	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	h	H	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	ascenders	ascender	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the letters | ascenders |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ascender=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Make your ascenders tall and straight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ascender:x2:1
# text = Make your ascenders tall and straight.
1	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	ascenders	ascender	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* | your ascenders |  |  |  | tall *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ascender=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The letter «g» has a descender, not an ascender.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ascender:x3:1
# text = The letter «g» has a descender, not an ascender.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	g	G	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	descender	descender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ascender	ascender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the letter | a descender and a ascender |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent descender=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The climber clipped an ascender onto the rope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ascender:x4:1
# text = The climber clipped an ascender onto the rope.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	climber	climber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	clipped	clip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ascender	ascender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clip** | past | the climber | a ascender |  |  |  | onto the rope | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent ascender=Patient onto rope=Co-Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cavers use ascenders to climb out of deep holes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ascender:x5:1
# text = Cavers use ascenders to climb out of deep holes.
1	Cavers	caver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ascenders	ascender	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	climb	climb	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Cavers | ascenders |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ascender=Patient |
| 2 | **climb** | to-infinitive | Cavers *not said here* |  |  | deep holes |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out hole=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In joined-up writing, loop your ascenders neatly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ascender:x6:1
# text = In joined-up writing, loop your ascenders neatly.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	ascenders	ascender	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	neatly	neatly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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