---
title: ash — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ash» in the school dictionary: The grey powder left after something has burned. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ash

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ashes, Volcanic ash, ash, you, volcano, We · **What happens:** leave, burn, mean, be, throw out, pour · **To what, where:** grey powder, body, funeral, fine rock dust, kind, ash · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ash» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ash in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ash.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grey powder left after something has burned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ash:m1:1
# text = The grey powder left after something has burned.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | participle |  | the grey powder *not said here* |  |  | after something |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **burn** | present · perfect · passive |  | the grey powder |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ashes can also mean what is left of a person's body after it is burned at a funeral.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ash:m2:1
# text = Ashes can also mean what is left of a person's body after it is burned at a funeral.
1	Ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	funeral	funeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Ashes |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **leave** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | of a person's body | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V NP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Source of body=Destination |
| 3 | **burn** | present · passive |  | body |  | a funeral |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Volcanic ash is fine rock dust thrown out by a volcano.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ash:m3:1
# text = Volcanic ash is fine rock dust thrown out by a volcano.
1	Volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Volcanic ash | fine rock dust |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **throw out** | participle |  | fine rock dust *not said here* |  |  |  | by a volcano | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent by volcano=Destination |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ash is a kind of tree with grey bark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ash:m4:1
# text = An ash is a kind of tree with grey bark.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ash | a kind |  |  |  | of tree; with grey bark | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only ash was left after the campfire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ash:x1:1
# text = Only ash was left after the campfire.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · passive |  | ash |  |  | after the campfire |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pour water on the ashes before you leave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ash:x2:1
# text = Pour water on the ashes before you leave.
1	Pour	pour	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour** | imperative | you *not said here* | water |  | the ashes |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 2 | **leave** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The volcano covered the town in ash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ash:x3:1
# text = The volcano covered the town in ash.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past | the volcano | the town |  |  |  | in ash | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent town=Destination in ash=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We planted an ash tree in the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ash:x4:1
# text = We planted an ash tree in the park.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	planted	plant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plant** | past | We | a ash tree |  | the park |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tree=Theme in park=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Burning paper is an irreversible change: you can't get the paper back from the ash.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ash:x5:1
# text = Burning paper is an irreversible change: you can't get the paper back from the ash.
1	Burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	irreversible	irreversible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	back	back	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | gerund |  | paper |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent paper=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Burning | a irreversible change |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **get back** | can | you | the paper |  | the ash |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent paper=Theme from ash=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad's ashes were scattered at sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ash:x6:1
# text = Grandad's ashes were scattered at sea.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	scattered	scatter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scatter** | past · passive |  | Grandad's ashes |  | sea |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination-Conative»: subject=Theme at sea=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Soon he reached the heap of cold ashes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ash:x7:1
# text = Soon he reached the heap of cold ashes.
1	Soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | he | the heap of cold ashes |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent heap=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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